烧伤治疗60余年，虽然烧伤感染发生率有所下降，但是耐药菌形势日益严峻。从认识烧伤肠源性感染，到异体皮覆盖创面、经验性使用抗菌药物，对于构成抵抗病原菌第1道屏障具有重要意义，有助于防止脓毒症的发生与发展。烧伤免疫从宿主角度探讨机体抗菌消炎的内在机制，由此产生的中西药免疫调理策略，为抵抗病原菌筑起第2道免疫屏障。利用现代医学技术，对烧伤感染进行对症和对因治疗，使烧伤感染发生率明显降低。今后还要探讨如何应用新技术快速检测病原微生物，寻找反映机体免疫状态的标志物，以及追踪烧伤感染对免疫系统的长期影响。

For the past 60 years of burn therapy in China, the incidence of infection declined gradually, however, the drug-resistant pathogens have become increasingly serious. From the research of the enterogenous infection to the wound coverage by allograft skin, from the endotoxin and exotoxin-targeted therapy of pathogens to empirical usage of antibiotics, these efforts had established the first line of barrier against pathogens and reduced the incidence of sepsis obviously. Recently, many studies have been carried out to investigate the regulatory mechanism underlying the host immunity in defending the pathogens and controlling the excessive inflammation after major burns. The resulting strategies of immunomodulation of burn infection by Chinese and western medicine were contributed to the second immune barrier against the invaded pathogens. With the updated medical technology to treat the infection both symptomatically and etiologically, the incidence and severity of infection were reduced remarkably. In the future, further studies should be focus on applying the new technology to detect the pathogenic microorganism quickly, finding the novel biomarkers for evaluation of immune status, and following up the long-term impact of infection on host immunity in extensively burn patients.