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中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (06) : 525 -532. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9450.2025.06.010

论著

冻结肩慢性炎症-纤维化病理进程中细胞存活特征分析
李旭1,2, 王广亚3, 赵阳1, 王泽宇1, 霍子琪1, 朱以明1,(), 姜春岩1,2   
  1. 1 100035 首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院运动医学科
    2 北京市创伤骨科研究所
    3 999077 香港大学李嘉诚医学院病理学系
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-08 出版日期:2025-12-01
  • 通信作者: 朱以明
  • 基金资助:
    首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院优才项目(JSTYC202403); 北京市卫生健康委员会项目(BJRITO-RDP)

Analysis of cell survival characteristics in the pathological process of chronic inflammation-fibrosis in frozen shoulder

Xu Li1,2, Guangya Wang3, Yang Zhao1, Zeyu Wang1, Ziqi Huo1, Yiming Zhu1,(), Chunyan Jiang1,2   

  1. 1 Department of Sports Medicine,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital,Capital Medical University
    2 Beijing Institute of Traumatic Orthopedics,Beijing 100035,China
    3 Department of Pathology,the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,the University of Hong Kong,Hongkong 999077,China
  • Received:2025-08-08 Published:2025-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Yiming Zhu
引用本文:

李旭, 王广亚, 赵阳, 王泽宇, 霍子琪, 朱以明, 姜春岩. 冻结肩慢性炎症-纤维化病理进程中细胞存活特征分析[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2025, 20(06): 525-532.

Xu Li, Guangya Wang, Yang Zhao, Zeyu Wang, Ziqi Huo, Yiming Zhu, Chunyan Jiang. Analysis of cell survival characteristics in the pathological process of chronic inflammation-fibrosis in frozen shoulder[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing(Electronic Edition), 2025, 20(06): 525-532.

目的

分析冻结肩(FS)患者关节囊细胞群的基因表达谱,挖掘关键细胞亚群(包括成纤维细胞、免疫细胞)的存活特征,并通过大鼠FS模型验证关节囊慢性炎症 - 纤维化进程中的细胞存活状态。

方法

基于 GEO 数据集(ERP143358),对比 4例FS患者(FS组)与 6例肩关节不稳患者(对照组)的关节囊单细胞转录组数据,分析关节囊细胞群体类型及FS患者中细胞亚群比例变化。从细胞增殖、凋亡、自噬及衰老角度开展研究,识别关键枢纽基因表达变化,在此基础上评估相关功能改变。构建大鼠FS模型[FS模型组(n=3)和假手术组(n=3)],评估肩关节活动度;通过组织学检查分析病理特征及胶原沉积情况;通过免疫组化染色验证细胞增殖、凋亡、自噬及衰老标志物的表达水平。

结果

关节囊中细胞群体以成纤维细胞为主;FS患者关节囊中免疫细胞(包括淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞)占比有增多趋势。此外,成纤维细胞中进入 S 期及 G2/M 期的细胞比例显著升高,提示其增殖活性在FS中增强;成纤维细胞凋亡、衰老及自噬相关基因表达未显著升高,细胞凋亡及衰老水平受抑制。大鼠FS模型验证结果显示,肩关节固定 8 周后,模型组外旋活动度较假手术组显著降低,胶原沉积增加;细胞增殖相关标志物表达升高,凋亡、衰老及自噬相关标志物表达未升高。

结论

FS的核心病理机制是成纤维细胞异常活化与免疫细胞浸润驱动的慢性炎症及纤维化,表现为细胞存活失衡,即增殖增强,而凋亡、自噬、衰老抑制。

Objective

To analyze the gene expression profile of capsular cell populations in patients with frozen shoulder (FS), and explore the survival characteristics of key cell subsets (including fibroblasts and immune cells), and verify the cell survival status during the chronic inflammation-fibrosis process of the joint capsule through a rat model of FS.

Methods

Based on the GEO dataset (ERP143358), single-cell transcriptomic data of the joint capsule from 4 patients with FS (FS group) and 6 patients with shoulder instability (control group) were compared to analyze the types of capsular cell populations and changes in the proportion of cell subsets in patients with FS. Studies were conducted from the perspectives of cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence to identify changes in the expression of key hub genes, and based on this, relevant functional changes were evaluated. A rat model of FS was established to assess shoulder joint range of motion. Histological examinations were performed to analyze pathological characteristics and collagen deposition in FS model group (n=3) and sham-operated group (n=3). Immunohistochemical staining was used to verify the expression levels of cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence markers.

Results

The capsular cell population was dominated by fibroblasts; the proportion of immune cells (including lymphocytes and neutrophils) in the joint capsule of patients with FS showed a statistically significant increase. In addition, the proportion of fibroblasts entering the S phase and G2/M phase was significantly increased, indicating enhanced proliferative activity in FS. The expression of genes related to apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy in fibroblasts was not significantly elevated, and the levels of cell apoptosis and senescence were inhibited. Results from the rat model verification showed that after 8 weeks of shoulder joint immobilization, the external rotation range of motion in the FS model group was significantly lower than that in the sham-operated group, with increased collagen deposition. The expression of cell proliferation-related markers was elevated, while the expression of apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy-related markers was not increased.

Conclusion

The core pathological mechanism of frozen shoulder is chronic inflammation and fibrosis driven by abnormal activation of fibroblasts and immune cell infiltration, which is manifested as an imbalance in cell survival, namely enhanced proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence.

图1 FS组及对照组关节囊细胞群体比例统计
图2 FS组和对照组关节囊细胞增殖分析。A示细胞增殖及细胞周期核心功能基因表达情况;B示细胞周期分类分析;C、D示S期及G2/M期细胞分数分析。*P< 0.05,**P< 0.01,***P< 0.001
图3 FS组及对照组关节囊细胞凋亡及自噬分析。A示细胞凋亡核心功能基因表达情况;B 示GOBP细胞凋亡分析;C示细胞自噬核心功能基因表达情况;D 示GOBP细胞自噬分析。*P< 0.05,** P< 0.01,***P< 0.001
图4 FS组和对照组关节囊细胞衰老分析。A示细胞衰老核心功能基因表达情况;B示GOBP细胞衰老分析。*P< 0.05,** P< 0.01,***P< 0.001
图5 大鼠FS模型活动度分析。A示FS角度测量模式图;B示假手术组和FS模型组肩关节活动度对比。***P< 0.001
图6 大鼠慢性炎症-纤维化组织学分析。A示假手术组和FS模型组肩关节囊组织HE染色和关节囊厚度定量分析,标尺为100 μm,虚线为测量位置;B 示假手术组和FS模型组肩关节囊组织TNF-α 免疫组化染色和阳性区域比例定量分析,标尺为50 μm;C示假手术组和FS模型组肩关节囊组织马松染色和阳性区域比例定量分析,标尺为100 μm;D示假手术组和FS模型组肩关节囊组织天狼星红染色和阳性区域比例定量分析,标尺为100 μm。*P< 0.05,**P< 0.01
图7 大鼠细胞存活组织学分析。A 示假手术组和FS模型组肩关节囊组织TUNEL免疫组化染色,红色虚线框为肩关节囊组织位置,标尺为100 μm;B示假手术组和FS模型组肩关节囊组织Cleaved Caspase-3染色和阳性区域比例定量分析,标尺为50 μm;C示假手术组和FS模型组肩关节囊组织Ki67染色和阳性区域比例定量分析,标尺为50 μm;D、E示假手术组和FS模型组肩关节囊组织LC3B和p16染色和阳性区域比例定量分析,标尺为50 μm。**P < 0.01
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