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中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (05) : 345 -353. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9450.2026.05.004

论著

乳酸相关指标对坏死性筋膜炎患者预后及治疗反应的评估价值
于鲁, 王艺雯, 尹凯, 杜伟力, 沈余明†()   
  1. 100035 首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院烧伤整形与创面修复科
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-22 出版日期:2026-10-01
  • 通信作者: 沈余明
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金(L234067)

Predictive value of lactate-related indicators for prognosis and treatment response in patients with necrotizing fasciitis

Lu Yu, Yiwen Wang, Kai Yin, Weili Du, Yuming Shen†()   

  1. Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100035,China
  • Received:2026-04-22 Published:2026-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Yuming Shen
引用本文:

于鲁, 王艺雯, 尹凯, 杜伟力, 沈余明. 乳酸相关指标对坏死性筋膜炎患者预后及治疗反应的评估价值[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2026, 21(05): 345-353.

Lu Yu, Yiwen Wang, Kai Yin, Weili Du, Yuming Shen. Predictive value of lactate-related indicators for prognosis and treatment response in patients with necrotizing fasciitis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing(Electronic Edition), 2026, 21(05): 345-353.

目的

探讨基线血乳酸水平、乳酸清除率与乳酸/白蛋白比值对坏死性筋膜炎(NF)患者入重症监护病房(ICU)后28 d全因死亡的预测价值,为临床早期风险分层和动态病情监测提供依据。

方法

回顾性分析美国重症监护医学信息数据库-Ⅳ(MIMIC-Ⅳ)中符合入选标准的156例NF患者的基本信息和临床资料,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、似然比检验及敏感性分析评估基线血乳酸水平、乳酸清除率及乳酸/白蛋白比值与NF患者入ICU后28 d全因死亡的关联。

结果

入ICU 24 h内首次血乳酸水平与NF患者28 d全因死亡相关(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.39~2.10,P<0.001);校正乳酸水平后,乳酸清除率≥10%为28 d全因死亡的保护因素(OR=0.23,95%CI:0.05~0.77,P=0.028),且以10%、15%、20%为乳酸清除率截断值构建的模型评估效能相近,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.826(95%CI:0.714~0.937)、0.824(95%CI:0.711~0.938)、0.817(95%CI:0.701~0.932),差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。似然比检验显示,联合乳酸水平与乳酸清除率可显著提升模型拟合优度(χ2=5.753,P=0.016)。乳酸/白蛋白比值在多重插补模型中为NF患者28 d全因死亡的独立预测因子(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.03~9.14,P=0.049),完整病例分析虽无统计学意义,但趋势一致(OR=2.31,95%CI:0.81~7.52,P=0.128)。经1∶1倾向性评分匹配获得36例均衡样本后,校正Charlson合并症指数的残余混杂,基线血乳酸水平(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.10~1.91,P=0.017)与乳酸/白蛋白比值(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.23~4.21,P=0.020)仍为NF患者28 d全因死亡的独立危险因素,且乳酸/白蛋白比值的关联强度更高。

结论

入ICU 24 h内首次血乳酸水平可作为NF患者28 d全因死亡的预后评估指标,乳酸清除率可动态反映治疗反应,乳酸/白蛋白比值具有补充预测价值。

Objective

To investigate the predictive value of baseline blood lactate, lactate clearance, and lactate-to-albumin ratio for 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with necrotizing fasciitis (NF) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and to inform early clinical risk stratification and dynamic monitoring.

Methods

Data of 156 patients with NF were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅳ (MIMIC-Ⅳ) database and retrospectively analyzed. The associations of baseline blood lactate, lactate clearance, and lactate-to-albumin ratio with 28-day all-cause mortality were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, likelihood ratio tests, and sensitivity analyses were used to compare the predictive performance of each indicator.

Results

The initial lactate level measured within 24 hours of ICU admission was associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with NF (OR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.39-2.10, P<0.001). After adjusting for lactate, lactate clearance ≥10% was an independent protective factor for 28-day all-cause mortality (OR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.05-0.77, P=0.028). Models constructed using cutoff values of 10%, 15%, and 20% for lactate clearance showed similar assessment efficacy, the area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.826 (95%CI: 0.714-0.937), 0.824 (95%CI: 0.711-0.938), 0.817 (95%CI: 0.701-0.932), respectively, with no statistically significant differences (all P values were >0.05). Likelihood ratio tests indicated that combining lactate and lactate clearance significantly improved model goodness-of-fit (χ2=5.753, P=0.016). The lactate-to-albumin ratio was an independent predictor in the multiple imputation model (OR=2.92, 95%CI: 1.03-9.14, P=0.049), and a consistent trend was observed in the complete case analysis, although it did not reach statistical significance (OR=2.31, 95%CI: 0.81-7.52, P=0.128). After 1∶1 propensity-score matching, 36 well-balanced patients were obtained. Upon further adjusting for the Charlson comorbidity index, both baseline lactate (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.10-1.91, P=0.017) and lactate-to-albumin ratio (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.23-4.21, P=0.020) remained independent risk factors for 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with NF, and the lactate-to-albumin ratio showed a stronger association.

Conclusion

The initial lactate level measured within 24 hours of ICU admission serves as a core prognostic indicator for 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with NF. The lactate clearance dynamically reflects treatment response, while the lactate-to-albumin ratio offers additional predictive value.

表1 156例NF患者的基本特征
项目 合计(n=156) 存活组(n=132) 死亡组(n=24) t/χ2/W值 P 值
年龄(岁) 59 (48,70) 58 (44,69) 69 (59,81) -4.471 <0.001a
性别[例(%)] 3.399 0.065b
女 77 (49.36) 61 (46.21) 16 (66.67)
男 79 (50.64) 71 (53.79) 8 (33.33)
机械通气[例(%)] 136 (87.18) 114 (86.36) 22 (91.67) — 0.741c
急性肾损伤[例(%)] 126 (80.77) 105 (79.55) 21 (87.50) — 0.573c
血管活性药物[例(%)] 126(80.77) 102(77.27) 24(100.00) — 0.005c
实验室检查
白细胞计数(×109/L) 17 (11,22) 17 (12,22) 15 (8,19) 1 846.000 0.199d
血红蛋白(g/dL) 9.85 (8.80,11.25) 9.85 (8.85,11.20) 9.90 (8.75,11.40) -0.769 0.447a
血钠(mmol/L) 135.0 (132.0,138.0) 135.0 (132.0,138.0) 134.5 (131.0,139.0) 1 655.500 0.727d
血糖(mg/dL) 148 (111,239) 153 (114,256) 129 (106,185) 1 912.000 0.108d
血乳酸(mmol/L) 1.80 (1.30,2.75) 1.70 (1.20,2.35) 5.20 (2.65,9.20) 464.000 <0.001d
血肌酐(mg/dL) 1.30 (0.85,2.10) 1.20 (0.80,1.85) 2.10 (1.00,3.05) 1 118.500 0.022d
白蛋白(g/dL) 2.20(1.90,2.40) 2.20(1.90,2.50) 1.90(1.80,2.25) 2 065.000 0.018d
评分
SOFA 6.0 (4.0,10.0) 6.0 (3.0,9.0) 11.5 (7.0,15.0) 595.500 <0.001d
CCI 3.00 (2.00,6.00) 3.00 (1.00,5.00) 5.00 (4.00,7.00) 817.500 <0.001d
手术[例(%)]
截肢 4 (2.56) 4 (3.03) 0 (0) — >0.999c
清创 32 (20.51) 32 (24.24) 0 (0) — 0.004c
合并症[例(%)]
2型糖尿病 67 (42.95) 58 (43.94) 9 (37.50) 0.344 0.558b
高血压 59 (37.82) 50 (37.88) 9 (37.50) 0.001 0.972b
恶性肿瘤 13 (8.33) 10 (7.58) 3 (12.50) — 0.424c
慢性肾病 28 (17.95) 23 (17.42) 5 (20.83) — 0.772c
肝硬化 8 (5.13) 3 (2.27) 5 (20.83) — 0.002c
免疫系统疾病 6 (3.85) 4 (3.03) 2 (8.33) — 0.231c
外周血管疾病 10 (6.41) 6 (4.55) 4 (16.67) — 0.048c
ICU住院时间(d) 3.9 (2.1,9.3) 4.0 (2.2,9.3) 2.9 (1.5,8.3) 1 800.500 0.289d
图1 乳酸与SOFA评分预测NF患者入ICU后28 d全因死亡的ROC曲线 注:ROC为受试者工作特征;AUC为曲线下面积;SOFA为序贯器官衰竭评估;NF为坏死性筋膜炎;ICU为重症监护病房
图2 乳酸与乳酸联合乳酸清除率预测NF患者入ICU后28 d全因死亡的模型比较与ROC曲线。A示乳酸模型与乳酸联合乳酸清除率模型死亡预测概率比较;B示乳酸及乳酸联合乳酸清除率评估NF患者入ICU后28 d全因死亡的ROC曲线 注:ROC为受试者工作特征;AUC为曲线下面积; NF为坏死性筋膜炎;ICU为重症监护病房
图3 乳酸与乳酸/白蛋白比值预测NF患者入ICU后28 d全因死亡的ROC曲线 注:ROC为受试者工作特征;AUC为曲线下面积;NF为坏死性筋膜炎;ICU为重症监护病房
图4 剔除早期死亡患者后乳酸及SOFA评分预测NF患者入ICU后28 d全因死亡的ROC曲线 注:ROC为受试者工作特征;AUC为曲线下面积;SOFA为序贯器官衰竭评估;NF为坏死性筋膜炎;ICU为重症监护病房
图5 不同乳酸清除率截断值联合乳酸预测NF患者入ICU后28 d全因死亡的模型效能比较。A示乳酸联合不同分层阈值乳酸清除率模型预测NF患者入ICU后28 d全因死亡的ROC曲线;B示乳酸联合不同分层阈值乳酸清除率模型AUC的DeLong检验 注:ROC为受试者工作特征;AUC为曲线下面积;NF为坏死性筋膜炎;ICU为重症监护病房
图6 基于完整病例的乳酸及乳酸/白蛋白比值预测NF患者入ICU后28 d全因死亡的ROC曲线 注:ROC为受试者工作特征;AUC为曲线下面积;NF为坏死性筋膜炎;ICU为重症监护病房
图7 倾向性评分匹配后乳酸及乳酸/白蛋白比值预测NF患者入ICU后 28 d全因死亡的ROC曲线 注:ROC为受试者工作特征;AUC为曲线下面积;CCI为Charlson合并症指数;NF为坏死性筋膜炎;ICU为重症监护病房
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