目的

分析大面积烧伤住院患者的临床特征，为大面积烧伤的预防与救治提供相关依据。

方法

回顾性分析武警特色医学中心烧伤冻伤及组织功能重建研究所2014 年1 月1 日至2023年12 月31 日收治的符合纳入与排除标准的259 例大面积烧伤住院患者临床资料，包括性别、年龄、致伤原因、致伤月份及季节、Ⅲ度烧伤面积、治疗方式、临床转归、特级护理天数及医疗支付方式等。分析大面积烧伤住院患者的临床特征及患者死亡的影响因素。

结果

259 例患者中男220 例，女39例，男女比例为5.64 ∶1，男性多于女性；受伤人群主要集中在中、青年；致伤原因主要为热力烧伤，共236 例（91.12%），其中以火焰烧伤为主，共151 例（58.30%）；入院患者例数最多的月份为8 月，共53例（20.46%），最多的季节为夏季（6 月至8 月），共119 例（45.95%）；烧伤部位主要为上肢253 例次（97.68%）、下肢233 例次（89.96%）、躯干229 例次（88.42%）、头面颈225 例次（86.87%）；手术治疗208 例（80.31%），保守治疗51 例（19.69%）；治愈好转193 例（74.52%），自动出院53 例（20.46%），死亡13 例（5.02%）；以自费为主要医疗付费方式，共231 例（89.19%）；年龄、休克、Ⅲ度烧伤面积、特级护理天数为大面积烧伤患者死亡的影响因素（P＜0.05）。

结论

大面积烧伤好发于夏季，受伤人群主要集中在中、青年，男性多于女性，热力烧伤为主要致伤原因，医疗支付方式以自费为主。

Objective

To analyse the clinical characteristics of inpatients with extensive burns， and provide the relevant evidence for the prevention and treatment of extensive burns.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 259 inpatients with extensive burns who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were admitted to the Institute for Burn，Frostbite and Tissue Function Reconstruction at the Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force from January 1，2014 to December 31，2023，including gender，age，cause of injury，month and season of injury，area of full-thickness burn，treatment method，clinical outcome， days of special care，medical payment method，etc.Analyzed the clinical characteristics and factors influencing mortality in inpatients with extensive burns.

Results

There were 220 males and 39 females，with a ratio of 5.64 ∶1，and males were significantly more than females.The injured population was mainly concentrated among middle-aged and young people.The main cause of injury was thermal burns （236 cases， 91.12%）， with flame burns constituting the majority （151 cases， 58.30%）.The month with the highest number of hospitalized patients was August， with a total of 53 cases （20.46%）， and the season with the highest number was summer （June to August）， with a total of 119 cases （45.95%）.The main burn sites were 253 cases （97.68%） in the upper limbs，233 cases （89.96%） in the lower limbs，229 cases （88.42%） in the trunk， and 225 cases （86.87%） in the head， face， and neck.Totally 208 cases（80.31%） were treated with surgery， and 51 cases （19.69%） were treated conservatively.A total of 193 cases （74.52%） were cured and improved， 53 cases （20.46%） were automatically discharged， and 13 cases （5.02%） died.Out of 231 cases （89.19%）， self payment was the main medical payment method.Age， shock， area of full-thickness burn， and special care duration were the influencing factors for the death of patients with extensive burns（P＜0.05）.

Conclusion

Extensive burns are more common in summer， the injured population is mainly concentrated amony middle-aged and young people， there are more males than females，thermal burns are the main cause of injury，the medical payment method is mainly self funded.