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中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (01) : 20 -27. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9450.2026.01.004

论著

采用游离皮瓣修复胫骨远端骨外露创面的临床疗效及影响因素分析
张颖, 赵筱卓, 程琳, 王艺雯, 王成, 杜伟力, 沈余明, 陈辉()   
  1. 100035 首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院烧伤整形与创面修复科
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 出版日期:2026-02-01
  • 通信作者: 陈辉
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项项目(首发2024-1G-2071); 北京市自然科学基金(L234067)

Free flap reconstruction for distal tibial wounds with exposed bone: an analysis of clinical outcomes and risk factors

Ying Zhang, Xiaozhuo Zhao, Lin Cheng, Yiwen Wang, Cheng Wang, Weili Du, Yuming Shen, Hui Chen()   

  1. Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Published:2026-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Hui Chen
引用本文:

张颖, 赵筱卓, 程琳, 王艺雯, 王成, 杜伟力, 沈余明, 陈辉. 采用游离皮瓣修复胫骨远端骨外露创面的临床疗效及影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2026, 21(01): 20-27.

Ying Zhang, Xiaozhuo Zhao, Lin Cheng, Yiwen Wang, Cheng Wang, Weili Du, Yuming Shen, Hui Chen. Free flap reconstruction for distal tibial wounds with exposed bone: an analysis of clinical outcomes and risk factors[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing(Electronic Edition), 2026, 21(01): 20-27.

目的

探讨游离皮瓣修复胫骨远端骨外露创面的临床疗效,并分析影响皮瓣存活及术后并发症的相关因素。

方法

对2019年5月至2024年5月首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院烧伤整形与创面修复科收治的78例采用游离皮瓣修复胫骨远端骨外露创面患者的临床数据进行回顾性分析。统计患者术后皮瓣成活率、并发症发生率及功能恢复情况,采用χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归等统计学方法分析危险因素。

结果

皮瓣成活率为94.9%(74/78)。血管危象6例(7.7%),其中动脉危象4例(5.1%)、静脉危象3例(3.8%),其中包括1例动静脉危象同时发生的病例;感染2例(2.6%);血肿3例(3.8%);伤口裂开1例(1.3%);供区并发症4例(5.1%)。Enneking评分优良率85.9%(67/78)。慢性感染创面是术后发生血管危象(OR=3.45, 95%CI: 1.12~10.67, P=0.031)和随访时创面出现感染或窦道(OR=5.20, 95%CI: 1.80~15.10, P=0.002)的独立危险因素。吸烟、糖尿病等因素与并发症无显著关联。

结论

慢性感染创面是术后并发症发生的主要危险因素,术前加强感染控制有助于提高手术成功率。

Objective

To investigate the clinical efficacy of free flap repair for distal tibial bone exposure and analyze the factors affecting flap survival and postoperative complications.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 78 patients with distal tibial bone exposure treated at the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from May 2019 to May 2024. The flap survival rate, complication rate, and functional recovery were statistically analyzed. Risk factors were analyzed using chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

The flap survival rate was 94.9% (74/78). Complications included vascular crisis in 6 cases (7.7%) (comprising 4 arterial and 3 venous crises, with 1 case involving both), infection in 2 (2.6%), hematoma in 3 (3.8%), wound dehiscence in 1 (1.3%), and donor site complications in 4 (5.1%). The good-to-excellent rate according to the Enneking score was 85.9% (67/78). Chronic infected wounds were identified as an independent risk factor for vascular crisis (OR=3.45, 95%CI: 1.12-10.67, P=0.031) and for wound infection or sinus tract formation at follow-up (OR=5.20, 95%CI: 1.80-15.10, P=0.002). Smoking and diabetes were not significantly associated with complications.

Conclusion

Chronic infected wounds are the main risk factor for postoperative complications. Preoperative strengthening of infection control can improve the surgical success rate.

表1 术后患者发生血管危象的单因素分析[例(%)]
表2 阴性变量的效应量与统计效能评估
表3 术后患者发生皮瓣坏死的单因素分析[例(%)]
表4 随访时创面出现感染或窦道的单因素分析[例(%)]
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