回顾性研究北京市某烧伤中心化学性烧伤流行病学特征。

以2010年1月至2018年12月入住北京积水潭医院烧伤科的化学性烧伤患者为研究对象，对患者的性别、年龄、职业、致伤地点、致伤性质和致伤物的类型进行分析。同时研究化学性烧伤不同季节发生率、伤后应急处理情况、烧伤面积、烧伤部位、并发症、手术类型、住院时间和病死率。

2010年1月至2018年12月共有456例患者入院。男328例，女128例。大多数患者年龄为21～40岁，占所有患者的74.6%(340/456)。在职业方面，273例(59.9%)患者是工人。大多数化学性烧伤[92.8%(423/456)]发生在远离居住地的地点，在工作环境中受伤的患者[70.4%(321/456)]最多。意外事故和故意伤害导致的化学性烧伤分别为383例(83.3%)和73例(16.7%)。强酸[62.9%(287/456)]是最常见的致伤因素。化学性烧伤的发生率与季节之间存在关联，4月至6月和7月至9月的患者人数较多。77.2%(352/456)患者的烧伤面积小于10%总体表面积(TBSA)。头部[24.6%(112/456)]和四肢[下肢为24.1%(110/456)、上肢为28.7%(131/456)]是最常见的受伤区域。最常见的并发症是眼烧伤[13.8%(63/456)]。其中243例(53.3%)患者进行了植皮手术和结膜自体移植手术。患者的平均住院时间为(34±2) d。本研究中仅有4例(0.9%)患者因化学性烧伤而死亡。

化学性烧伤多发生于男性青壮年，工作中受伤最多，大多数是意外导致的。受伤季节多发生于夏、秋季，大多数烧伤面积较小，头部和四肢多见，并发症以眼烧伤多见。建议为工人制定专业培训计划，以降低化学性烧伤的发生率。

To analyze retrospectively the epidemiologic characteristics of chemical burn in a major burn center in Beijing.

Chemical burn patients admitted to the Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 were recruited as the research object. Data were collected on the basis of patients′ gender, age, occupation, places of injury, nature of injury, types of chemicals, and seasonal variations, emergency treatment, burn area, burn part of body, complication, type of operation, duration of hospitalization, mortality.

A total of 456 patients (328 males and 128 females) were admitted during January 2010 to December 2018. Most of patients [74.6%(340/465)] were in an age group, which ranged from 21 to 40 years old. In terms of occupation, 273 patients (59.9%) were workers. Most of the chemical burns [92.8%(423/456)] occurred away from residential places, the highest number of injuries occurred in the work place [70.4%(321/456)]. Chemical burns due to accidents and criminal assaults were 383 patients (83.3%) and 73 patients (16.7%). Strong acids [62.9%(287/456)] were common causative agents. There was a relationship between the incidence of chemical burns and the season, with more patients in April to June and July to September. The burn area of 77.2%(352/456) patients were less than 10% total body surface area (TBSA). Head [24.6%(112/456)] and extremities [lower limb was 24.1%(110/456), and upper limb was 28.7%(131/456)] were the most frequent areas of injury. The most common accompanying injury was eye burn [13.8%(63/456)]. The skin grafting and conjunctival autograft surgeries were carried out on 243 patients (53.3%). The average period of hospitalization was (34±2) days, and in this study only 4 patients (0.9%) passed away because of chemical burns.

Most of the chemical burn patients are young male, hurt by accident during working. It occurres common during summer and autumn, and the burn area is small. Most patients are hurt on head, face and extremity. The most common complication is eye injury. It is eventually recommended to develop professional training programs for workers in order to reduce the incidence rate of chemical burns.