切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01) : 13 -21. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9450.2025.01.003

论著

双反牵引外固定架结合髓内钉治疗胫骨多段骨折的临床疗效及骨折愈合的影响因素分析
张祖强1,2, 李圳2, 刘勇1, 王振龙1,()   
  1. 1.646000 泸州,西南医科大学附属中医医院骨伤科
    2.644400 宜宾,兴文县人民医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-10 出版日期:2025-02-01
  • 通信作者: 王振龙

Clinical efficacy of double reverse traction external fixation frame combined with intramedullary nailing in the treatment of multiple tibial fractures and analyzation of influencing factors on healing

Zuqiang Zhang1,2, Zhen Li2, Yong Liu1, Zhenlong Wang1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology,Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
    2.Department of Orthopedics, Xingwen County People′s Hospital, Yibin 644400, China
  • Received:2024-04-10 Published:2025-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Zhenlong Wang
引用本文:

张祖强, 李圳, 刘勇, 王振龙. 双反牵引外固定架结合髓内钉治疗胫骨多段骨折的临床疗效及骨折愈合的影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2025, 20(01): 13-21.

Zuqiang Zhang, Zhen Li, Yong Liu, Zhenlong Wang. Clinical efficacy of double reverse traction external fixation frame combined with intramedullary nailing in the treatment of multiple tibial fractures and analyzation of influencing factors on healing[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing(Electronic Edition), 2025, 20(01): 13-21.

目的

探究双反牵引外固定架结合髓内钉治疗胫骨多段骨折的临床疗效及骨折愈合的影响因素。

方法

选取2021年2月至2022年12月西南医科大学附属中医医院骨伤科收治并完成为期1年随访的胫骨多段骨折患者110例临床资料开展分析,资料分为双反牵引器结合髓内钉组55例与传统加压钢板结合髓内钉组55例,比较两组手术相关指标、踝关节功能(Kofoed评分)、关节活动度与术后3个月骨折愈合率的差异,并分析骨折预后相关影响因素。

结果

双反牵引器结合髓内钉组手术时间[(64.29±17.46)min]、术中出血量[(41.99±6.21)ml]、骨折端切开率(16.36%)、骨折愈合时间[(21.82±5.76)周]、下床行走时间[(4.24±1.29)周]均低于传统加压钢板结合髓内钉组[(89.71±23.58)min、(56.69±12.00)ml、45.45%、(30.87±7.77)周、(6.36±1.75)周],且差异均有统计学意义(t/χ2=5.247、6.966、10.890、6.942、7.236, P<0.05)。术后3个月骨折愈合率高于传统加压钢板结合髓内钉组(85.45% vs 67.27%)(χ2=5.037,P<0.05)。重复测量方差分析结果显示,两组取外固定时、末次随访Kofoed评分均较术前均升高(P<0.05),且双反牵引器结合髓内钉组取外固定时、末次随访Kofoed评分[(83.59±5.14)分、(94.67±5.53)分]均大于传统加压钢板结合髓内钉组[(79.54±5.21)分、(88.39±5.42)分](t=3.191、4.651,P<0.05)。两组末次随访踝关节活动范围与膝关节活动范围均大于取外固定时(P<0.05),且双反牵引器结合髓内钉组患者取外固定时、末次随访踝关节活动范围与膝关节活动范围[(50.30±4.51)°、(100.81±11.96)°]均大于传统加压钢板结合髓内钉组[(37.21±4.66)°、(82.72±8.96)°](t=11.678、6.660,P<0.05)。按照患者术后骨折愈合情况分为愈合组和未愈组。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、高能量骨折、受伤至治疗时间≥6 h、二期修复为骨折愈合危险因素,白蛋白水平为骨折愈合保护因素(OR=9.369、4.961、6.825、10.000、0.830,P<0.05)。

结论

双反牵引器结合髓内钉治疗胫骨多段骨折具有较好临床效果,可有效改善踝关节功能与关节活动度,促进术后骨折愈合;年龄≥60岁、高能量骨折、受伤至治疗时间≥6 h、二期修复软组织修复、白蛋白水平为骨折愈合相关因素,临床针对上述因素需加强重视。

Objective

To investigate the clinical efficacy and influencing factors of double reverse traction external fixation frame combined with intramedullary nailing in the treatment of multiple tibial fractures.

Methods

The clinical data of 110 patients with multiple tibia fractures who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology in Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University from February 2021 to December 2022 were selected, and they were divided into 55 cases of the double-reverse retractor combined with intramedullary nailing group and 55 cases of the traditional compression plate combined with intramedullary nailing group according to the different treatment modalities, and the differences in the surgery-related indexes, ankle function (Kofoed score), joint mobility and fracture healing rate at 3 months after surgery and the factors influencing the prognosis of the fracture were analyzed.

Results

The operation time[(64.29±17.46) min], intraoperative bleeding[ (41.99±6.21) ml], fracture end dissection rate (16.36%), fracture healing time[(21.82±5.76) weeks], and time to get out of bed [ (4.24±1.29) weeks]were lower in the double retractor combined with intramedullary nailing group than in the traditional compression plate combined with intramedullary nailing group [(89.71±23.58) min, (56.69±12.00) ml, 45.45%, (30.87±7.77) weeks, (6.36±1.75)weeks](t/χ2=5.247, 6.966, 10.890, 6.942, 7.236, P<0.05), and the fracture healing rate was higher than that of the traditional compression plate combined with intramedullary nailing group at 3 months postoperatively (85.45% vs 67.27%)(χ2=5.037, P<0.05). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the Kofoed scores of both groups at the time of external fixation and at the last follow-up were higher than those of the preoperative period (P<0.05), and the Kofoed scores at the time of external fixation and at the last follow-up were higher in the double-reverse retractor combined with intramedullary nailing group [(83.59±5.14)points and (94.67±5.53)points]than those in the conventional compression plate combined with intramedullary nailing group [(79.54 ±5.21) points, (88.39±5.42) points](t=3.191, 4.651, P<0.05). The ankle joint range of motion and knee joint range of motion at the last follow-up were higher than those at external fixation in both groups (P<0.05), and the ankle joint range of motion and knee joint range of motion at external fixation and at the last follow-up in the patients in the double-reverse retractor combined with intramedullary nailing group [(50.30±4.51)°, (100.81±11.96)°]were higher than those in the traditional compression plate combined with intramedullary nail group [(37.21 ±4.66)°, (82.72±8.96)°](t=11.678,6.660, P<0.05). Patients were categorized into healed and non-healed groups according to their postoperative fracture healing status. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (≥60 years), cause of fracture (high energy), time from injury to treatment (≥6 h), and timing of soft tissue repair (second stage repair) were risk factors for fracture healing, and albumin level was a protective factor for fracture healing (OR=9.369, 4.961, 6.825, 10.000, 0.830, P<0.05).

Conclusion

The combination of dual reverse traction device and temporary external fixator for the treatment of multiple tibial fractures has a good clinical effect, which can effectively improve ankle joint function and joint mobility, promote postoperative fracture healing. ≥60 years old, high energy fracture, time from injury to treatment ≥6 hours, secondary soft tissue repair, and albumin level are factors related to fracture healing. Clinical attention should be paid to these factors.

表1 两组患者一般资料比较[例(%)]
表2 两组患者手术相关指标比较
表3 两组患者Kofoed评分比较(分,±s
表4 两组患者术后关节活动度比较(°,±s
表5 胫骨多段骨折骨折愈合的单因素分析
项目 愈合组(n=84) 未愈组(n=26) t/χ2 P
年龄[例(%)]
<60岁 58(69.05) 5(19.23) 20.135 <0.001
≥60岁 26(30.95) 21(80.77)
性别[例(%)]
54(64.29) 16(61.54) 0.065 0.799
30(35.71) 10(38.46)
BMI[例(%)]
<24 kg/m2 43(51.19) 11(42.31) 0.627 0.429
≥24 kg/m2 41(48.81) 15(57.69)
骨折原因[例(%)]
低能量 33(39.29) 3(11.54) 6.943 0.008
高能量 51(60.71) 23(88.46)
合并内科疾病[例(%)]
56(66.67) 19(73.08) 0.376 0.54
28(33.33) 7(26.92)
存在合并伤[例(%)]
55(65.48) 16(61.54) 0.135 0.714
29(34.52) 10(38.46)
受伤至治疗时间[例(%)]
<6 h 52(61.9) 5(19.23) 14.482 <0.001
≥6 h 32(38.1) 21(80.77)
软组织修复时机[例(%)]
一期修复 63(75.00) 6(23.08) 22.895 <0.001
二期修复 21(25.00) 20(76.92)
吸烟史[例(%)]
36(42.86) 11(42.31) 0.002 0.961
48(57.14) 15(57.69)
糖尿病史[例(%)]
24(28.57) 9(34.62) 0.345 0.557
60(71.43) 17(65.38)
使用非甾体抗炎药[例(%)]
23(27.38) 8(30.77) 0.113 0.737
61(72.62) 18(69.23)
AST(U/L,x¯±s 23.2±1.24 22.73±1.37 1.488 0.141
ALT(U/L,x¯±s 12.64±0.86 12.55±1.03 0.398 0.692
BUN(mmol/L,x¯±s 5.34±0.81 5.36±0.68 0.106 0.916
TBil(μmol/L,x¯±s 42.86±4.53 42.59±4.67 0.24 0.811
Cr(μmol/L,x¯±s 58.69±6.72 58.74±6.64 0.03 0.976
白蛋白水平(g/L,x¯±s 40.01±6.78 32.25±4.62 5.138 <0.001
表6 骨折愈合影响因素Logistic回归赋值情况
表7 骨折愈合影响因素Logistic回归分析
图1 患者男,右侧开放性胫腓骨骨折,行双反牵引外固定架结合髓内钉治疗。A示术前正位;B示术前侧位;C示术中双反牵引;D示双反牵引后正位;E示临时外固定架固定;F示临时外固定架固定后正位;G示术后7 d肢体功能;H示术后3个月肢体功能
[1]
钟海波,郭祥,刘亦恒.髌上入路髓内钉治疗胫骨多段骨折[J]. 临床骨科杂志, 2021, 24(3):439-441.
[2]
赵金柱,李鹏,曲良,等.侧卧位与仰卧位髌下入路交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干多段骨折的比较[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2022,37(8):803-806.
[3]
代文杰, 李成, 余海宁,等. 后内侧倒"L"形切口三间隙显露入路手术治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床效果及对患者关节功能的影响[J]. 山西医药杂志,2022,51(5):531-533.
[4]
张勇,张树立,王景彦,等.应用双反牵引器结合锁定钢板微创治疗胫骨中下1/3骨折30例[J]. 中国中医骨伤科杂志,2020,28(10):68-69, 74.
[5]
刘昊,梁春雨,柴宏伟,等."张氏牵引器"双反牵引在胫骨中下段骨折中的应用[J]. 中国煤炭工业医学杂志,2020,23(5):520-523.
[6]
戴云清,李征,安帅,等.应用3D打印辅助胫骨高位截骨技术对下肢力线矫正的疗效[J].骨科临床与研究杂志,2023,8(6):336-340,362.
[7]
尹进,杨光辉,陈明,等.经髌上入路胫骨髓内钉治疗胫骨远段骨折[J].临床骨科杂志,2023,26(1):117-121.
[8]
胡昌庆,巨积辉,刘跃飞,等.急诊微创内侧锁定接骨板治疗胫骨远段骨折[J]. 临床骨科杂志, 2023, 26(2):284-288.
[9]
赵必允, 张东平, 宣科,等. 微创经皮锁定钢板内固定技术治疗胫骨远段骨折[J]. 临床骨科杂志, 2023, 26(1):122-126.
[10]
姚天平,石彬,周凯华.基于有限元分析的胫骨中段骨折接骨板固定方式研究[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2022,46(3):259-264.
[11]
Cheng S,Zhang M,Chen Z,et al.Numerical study of simultaneous growth of multiple hydraulic fractures from a horizontal wellbore combining dual boundary element method and finite volume method[J]. Engineering analysis with boundary elements, 2022(139):278-292.
[12]
Alsahlawi A , Morantz G , Lacroix C,et al.Bilateral parietal skull fractures in infants attributable to accidental falls[J].Pediatr Neurosurgery, 2021, 56(5):424-431.
[13]
Zhao K,Stead D, Kang H, et al. Three-dimensional numerical investigation of the interaction between multiple hydraulic fractures in horizontal wells[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2021, 246(2):107620.
[14]
刘涛, 鲍飞龙, 高伟,等. 双反牵引一期微创治疗同侧股骨骨折合并胫骨平台骨折[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2017,19(10):840-845.
[15]
赵金柱,李鹏,曲良,等.侧卧位与仰卧位髌下入路交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干多段骨折的比较[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志, 2022,37(8):803-806.
[16]
陈新用,周凯华,张光明,等.有限元分析碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮与钛合金髓内钉固定胫骨中段骨折的效果[J].国际骨科学杂志, 2023, 44(4):261-265.
[17]
张聪,王艺敏,陈漳鑫,等.髌上入路芯钻髓内钉内固定治疗Gustilo Ⅲ型开放性胫骨远端骨折疗效观察[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2023, 38(6): 639-642.
[18]
孟德弘,王传鑫,马腾,等.单边外固定架与髓内钉固定胫骨螺旋骨折比较[J].中国矫形外科杂志, 2023, 31(8):683-688.
[19]
李达周,杨贞海.微创经皮钢板接骨术辅助LCP内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折对患者膝关节活动度及HSS评分的影响[J].湖南师范大学学报:医学版, 2022, 19(3):130-133.
[20]
张勇,张开亮,姜伟,等.髌上与髌下入路交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效比较[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2022,37(2):210-212.
[21]
何昌军,张堃,李庆达,等.髌上入路与髌下入路髓内钉治疗胫骨近端骨折的疗效比较[J].中国骨与关节杂志, 2022, 11(12):946-951.
[22]
尹进,杨光辉,陈明,等.经髌上入路胫骨髓内钉治疗胫骨远段骨折[J].临床骨科杂志, 2023, 26(1):117-121.
[23]
王志伟,林文韬,严为海,等.胫骨高位内侧开放截骨术后胫骨平台后倾角变化相关因素的探讨[J].骨科临床与研究杂志,2023,8(6):345-349.
[24]
万得恩,胡炜,李浩,等.LISS钢板与解剖型胫骨髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折的疗效比较[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2022,37(6):589-593.
[25]
温成,王希杰,韩俊成,等.髓内钉固定与微创经皮钢板内固定对胫腓骨骨折患者血小板活化及血清转化生长因子-β1和骨形态发生蛋白-2影响的比较[J].中国骨伤,2023(11):1100-1106.
[1] 赵浩天, 王晓娜, 刘奕, 李丽, 刘凯, 姚光耀, 薛红元, 赵鹤龄. 成年健康人群膈肌超声正常值参考范围及影响因素[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(11): 1057-1067.
[2] 王杰, 袁泉, 王玥琦, 乔佳君, 谭春丽, 夏仲元, 刘守尧. 溃疡油在糖尿病足溃疡治疗中的应用效果及安全性观察[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2024, 19(06): 480-484.
[3] 张超, 张珍, 马梁, 穆欢欢, 刘彩玲. 腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术术后C级胰瘘患者临床特征及影响因素研究[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 675-678.
[4] 陈洁莹, 许晶莹, 黄泽萍. 超声在女性压力性尿失禁诊断与疗效评估中的应用进展[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 14-20.
[5] 张荣, 房雅君, 高杨, 房佳琪, 查小燕. 胸部肿瘤患者PICC 异位影响因素及预测分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(06): 999-1002.
[6] 栾天继, 曹定, 梅洪亮, 付航玮, 杨凯, 王丹, 尚作宏, 凌锋, 李支会, 张振雨, 胡逸林. 腹腔镜左半肝切除联合左肝管残端胆管探查取石治疗复杂肝左叶胆管结石合并胆总管结石患者疗效分析[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2025, 14(01): 81-86.
[7] 公宇, 廖媛, 尚梅. 肝细胞癌TACE术后复发影响因素及预测模型建立[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(06): 818-824.
[8] 陈宗杰, 胡添松. 肝外伤破裂患者治疗后胆漏发生影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(06): 836-840.
[9] 陈杰, 武明胜, 李一金, 李虎, 向源楚, 荣新奇, 彭健. 低位直肠癌冷冻治疗临床初步分析[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2024, 13(06): 494-498.
[10] 史彬, 司远. 益气和络方联合缬沙坦治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀证IgA 肾病的疗效观察[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2024, 13(06): 306-312.
[11] 王贝贝, 崔振义, 王静, 王晗妍, 吕红芝, 李秀婷. 老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后贫血预测模型的构建与验证[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(06): 355-362.
[12] 陈靖, 刘天奇, 王莉莉, 尹立全. 体外冲击波治疗脑卒中后肌痉挛的Meta分析[J/OL]. 中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(06): 334-340.
[13] 韩俊岭, 王刚, 马厉英, 连颖, 徐慧. 维生素D 联合匹维溴铵治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征患者疗效及对肠道屏障功能指标的影响研究[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(06): 560-564.
[14] 阳跃, 庹晓晔, 崔子豪, 欧阳四民, 林海阳, 胡景宇, 胡银, 李涛, 赵景峰, 郝岱峰, 冯光. 改良“阅读者”皮瓣修复骶尾部压疮的疗效[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(08): 751-755.
[15] 胡云鹤, 周玉焯, 付瑞瑛, 于凡, 李爱东. CHS-DRG付费制度下GB1分组住院费用影响因素分析与管理策略探讨[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 568-574.
阅读次数
全文


摘要