Burns, trauma caused by acute blood volume and a large number of exudation can easily lead to shock, multiple organ dysfunction or even death. Sodium butyrate is a class I non-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor. Recent studies have shown that sodium butyrate not only inhibits tumor cell proliferation, promotes tumor cell senescence and apoptosis, but also has a positive effect on improving the tolerance of cells to ischemia, hypoxia, inflammation and so on. Sodium butyrate can protect the vital organs after shock function. The mechanism is related to the induction of histone deacetylation, inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, protection of vascular endothelium barrier, this paper on the recent sodium butyrate anti-trauma, burn shock and septic shock related research progress is summarized below.