To observe the tongue characteristics of burn patients during the reabsorption phase and preliminarily analyze their relationship with disease severity and hematological indicators.

From February 2024 to April 2025， 115 hospitalized burn patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria in the Department of Burn and Wound Repair Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were enrolled. Basic data of patients were collected. Traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis was performed 3–5 days post-injury， documenting tongue color， shape， coating color， and coating texture. The tongue characteristics were compared among patients with different burn severities， and their relationships with routine blood parameters ［white blood cell （WBC）， neutrophil （NEU）］， liver and kidney function ［alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， creatinine （Cr）］， and coagulation function ［prothrombin time （PT）， fibrinogen （FIB）］ were analyzed.

There were statistically significant differences in tongue color (P<0.001) and tongue body thickness （swollen/thin） (χ²=9.971, P=0.019) among burn patients of different severities during the reabsorption phase. There was a statistically significant difference in BUN levels among patients with different coating textures （Z=-2.754， P=0.006）. The differences of PT among patients with different tongue colors were statistically significant （H=16.041， P=0.001）. Statistically significant differences in FIB levels were observed among patients with different tongue colors， tongue body thicknesses， coating colors， and coating textures （H value was 17.225，Z values were -2.032， -2.924， and -2.351； P values were <0.001， 0.042， 0.003， and 0.019， respectively）.

The tongue characteristics of burn patients during the reabsorption phase correlate with disease severity and hematological indicators such as BUN， PT and FIB levels. These features may serve as supplementary indicators for assessing burn severity and hematological abnormalities， thereby providing reference for integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment.

To explore the clinical application value of high-frequency ultrasound （HFUS） combined with shear wave elastography （SWE） in the quantitative evaluation of the thickness and hardness of hypertrophic scars （HS）， and provide a new method for the objective diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of scars.

Forty patients with HS （77 scars） after burn and scald injury，admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Ji′nan University， from July 2024 to February 2025 were selected for this study. The Vancouver scar scale （VSS） scoring， HFUS for thickness measurement， and SWE for hardness measurement were performed respectively， and the results were compared with pathological findings. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the thickness and hardness of scars.

Both the thickness and hardness values of HS were significantly higher than those of normal skin （Z=6.567， P<0.001；Z=-6.535，P<0.001）. With pathology as the gold standard， ultrasound demonstrated superior accuracy to VSS in evaluating scar thickness （R²=0.930 vs. R²=0.723） and hardness （R²=0.909 vs. R²=0.738）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the location of the scar was an independent influencing factor for hardness differences， and facial and cervical scars showed significantly reduced hardness differences compared to limb （P=0.004）.

The combination of HFUS and SWE can objectively and quantitatively evaluate the thickness and hardness of HS， demonstrating results highly consistent with pathology and superior to the subjective evaluation of VSS. It has important clinical value in the objective diagnosis， treatment decision-making， and efficacy monitoring of scars.

To explore the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-assisted percutaneous channel release in the treatment of chronic carpal tunnel syndrome.

Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome treated in the Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, the People's Hospital of Danyang from November 2020 to December 2023， who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them， 26 cases underwent ultrasound-assisted percutaneous channel release （ultrasound group） and 40 cases underwent a small longitudinal incision （small incision group） at the palm base for carpal tunnel release. Surgical time， incision length， and postoperative recovery were recorded and compared.

There was no statistically significant difference in surgical time between the two groups （P>0.05）； the surgical incision length in the ultrasound group was shorter than that in the small incision group， showing a statistically significant difference （P<0.001）； follow-up at 3 months postoperatively using Gu Yudong's postoperative functional evaluation criteria for carpal tunnel syndrome indicated satisfactory surgical outcomes， with marked improvement in numbness， pain symptoms， sensory tests and grip strength in both groups， with no statistically significant difference between the ultrasound group and the small incision group （P>0.05）； early postoperative columnar pain did not occur in the ultrasound group， while 2 cases occurred in the small incision group. There was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative Boston carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores between the two groups （P>0.05）.

Ultrasound-assisted percutaneous channel release for chronic carpal tunnel syndrome allows precise cutting of the thickened transverse carpal ligament while reducing tissue damage， effectively relieving median nerve compression. It has advantages such as accurate incision placement， short scarring， and minimal early columnar pain， making it a surgical option for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

To investigate the clinical effect of medical suspension bed for stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ gluteal-sacral pressure injuries after flap transplantation.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 55 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ gluteal-sacral pressure injuries admitted to the Department of Traumatology， Burns and Plastic Surgery of Liuzhou Workers' Hospital from June 2021 to May 2025. All the patients received flap transplantation to repair the wound. Patients treated with conventional hospital bed after flap transplantation were assigned to the conventional bed group (29 cases), while those treated with medical suspension bed were assigned to the suspension bed group (26 cases). The wound healing time in the recipient area， the postoperative length of hospital stay， the total length of hospital stay， hospitalization costs， incidence of complications in the donor and recipient areas （such as hematoma， infection， incision dehiscence， flap necrosis， etc.）， and reoperation rate were observed.

Compared with the conventional bed group， the suspension bed group showed significantly shorter wound healing time in the recipient area ［（12.8±3.4） days vs. （16.0±5.6） days， t=-2.47， P=0.008］， postoperative length of hospital stay ［（13.8±3.9） days vs. （16.8±6.0） days， t=-2.14， P=0.019］， and total length of hospital stay ［（27.9±4.6） days vs. （30.7±6.6） days， t=-1.78，P=0.040］. There was no statistically significant difference in hospitalization costs between the two groups ［（3.9±0.9） ten thousand yuan vs. （3.6±1.1） ten thousand yuan， t=1.17， P=0.124］.The total complication rate （7.7%） and reoperation rate （3.8%） in the suspension bed group were significantly lower than those in the conventional bed group （34.5% and 24.1%， respectively），with statistically significant differences （P values were 0.016 and 0.033， respectively）.

The application of medical suspension bed in the treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ gluteal-sacral pressure injuries after flaps transplantation can accelerate wound healing， shorten length of hospital stay， and reduce the risk of complications and reoperation.

To investigate the clinical effect of dorsal metatarsal relay flap in repairing the donor site of the second toe free flap.

From June 2020 to October 2025， 7 patients who met the inclusion criteria and underwent second toe free flap reconstruction for hand wounds were admitted to the Department of Hand Surgery of Suzhou Ruihua Orthopedic Hospital. There were 5 males and 2 females， aged 22 to 56 years， with an average age of 32.6 years. The donor sites of the second toe free flaps in all patients were repaired using dorsal metatarsal relay flaps， the area of the relay flaps ranged from 2.0 cm×1.5 cm~3.0 cm×2.5 cm， and the donor sites of the relay flaps were sutured directly. Postoperative follow-up was performed to evaluate the dorsal metatarsal relay flap in terms of appearance， color， texture， two-point discrimination， and scar hyperplasia.

The dorsal metatarsal relay flaps and second toe free flaps of 7 patients survived after surgery. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 2-14 months， with an average of 7 months. The appearance of the dorsal metatarsal relay flaps were satisfactory， with color close to the contralateral side and soft texture. The two-point discrimination distance was 7-12 mm， with an average of 8.5 mm. The walking function of the foot was good， and there was no contracture between the toe webs.

Repairing the donor site of the second toe free flap using dorsal metatarsal relay flap offers the advantages of simple surgical technique， fewer complications， and high flap survival rate， making it suitable for clinical application.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of moldable splint containing silicone gel in the prevention and management of scars.

A total of 34 patients with post-burn or post-traumatic hypertrophic scars （HS） admitted to the Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2022 to March 2025 were selected for retrospective analysis of their clinical data. Based on different treatment methods， the patients were divided into an observation group （19 cases） and a control group （15 cases）. Patients in the observation group received treatment with moldable splint containing silicone gel， while patients in the control group received treatment with conventional splint. After 6 months of treatment, scar thickness， color， flexibility， and vascularity were evaluated， and scar outcomes were compared using the Vancouver scar scale （VSS） score and the patient and observer scar assessment scale （POSAS） score. The incidence of adverse reactions during treatment was recorded for both groups.

After 6 months of treatment， the observation group showed better outcomes than the control group in terms of scar color （1.11±0.57 vs. 2.00±0.76， t=-3.946， P<0.001）， thickness （0.89±0.66 vs. 2.33±0.62， t=-6.504， P<0.001）， vascularity （0.79±0.25 vs. 1.60±0.74， t=-4.486，P<0.001）， pliability （1.05±0.52 vs. 1.73±0.59， t=-3.547，P=0.001）， VSS score （3.47±1.54 vs. 7.67±1.29， t=-8.448， P<0.001）， and POSAS score （23.58±4.76 vs. 37.33±7.17， t=-6.399， P<0.001）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group （15.8% vs. 20.0%， P>0.05）.

Silicone gel-containing moldable splint is effective in the treatment of post-burn or post-traumatic hypertrophic scars and significantly inhibits scar hypertrophy.

To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of CXC chemokine ligand-12 （CXCL12） pretreated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） on the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in mice.

The 3^rd to 5^th passages of BMSCs were divided into control group， CXCL12 group， CXCL12 + CXCL12 receptor antagonist group and treated accordingly. After 48 h of culture， the cell survival rate was detected by cell counting kit 8 （CCK-8） method， and the cell proliferation activity was observed by staining with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine （EdU） cell proliferation test kit. After 24 h of culture， the protein expressions of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 （Epac1）， extracellular regulated protein kinase （Erk）， phosphorylated Erk （p-Erk） were detected by Western blotting， and the ratio of p-Erk to Erk was calculated. The number of samples in above experiments was six. Eighteen adult male BALB/c mice were divided into PBS group， BMSCs group and CXCL12 pretreated BMSCs group （6 mice in each group） according to the random number table method. Full-thickness skin defect wound model was created on the back of all mice. On day 3 post-wounding， the mice in PBS group， BMSCs group and CXCL12 pretreated BMSCs group were topically， intra-dermally administered 100 μl of PBS， 100 μl of cell suspension containing 1×10⁶ BMSCs and 100 μl of cell suspension containing 1×10⁶ CXCL12 pretreated BMSCs， respectively. On day 4， 7 and 10 post-wounding， the wound healing was observed and the wound healing rate was calculated. On day 11 post-wounding， the samples of wound tissue from 3 groups of mice were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were used to detect the length of wound tissue defect and the collagen volume fraction （CVF）， respectively.

After 48 h of culture， compared with control group， the cell survival rate of CXCL12 group was significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with CXCL12 group， the cell survival rate of CXCL12 + CXCL12 receptor antagonist group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. After 48 h of culture， the number of EdU-positive cells was increased， and the cell proliferation activity was enhanced in CXCL12 group compared to those in control group. In CXCL12 + CXCL12 receptor antagonist group， the number of EdU-positive cells was decreased and the cell proliferation activity was attenuated compared to those in CXCL12 group. After 24 h of culture， compared with control group， the protein level of Epac1 and the ratio of p-Erk to Erk in CXCL12 group were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with CXCL12 group， the protein level of Epac1 and the ratio of p-Erk to Erk in CXCL12 + CXCL12 receptor antagonist group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. On day 4， 7 and 10 post-wounding， the wound healing rate of mice in CXCL12 pretreated BMSCs group （56.7%±2.6%，70.4%±1.6%，84.5%±0.5%，respectively） was significantly higher than that in BMSCs group （37.4%±5.2%，49.2%±3.7%，67.9%±1.1%，respectively），P<0.05. On day 11 post-wounding， the length of wound tissue defect in CXCL12 pretreated BMSCs group was significantly shorter than that in BMSCs group ［（1.79±0.05） mm vs. （2.20±0.15） mm，P<0.05）］. On day 11 post-wounding， the CVF of BMSCs group was significantly increased compared with PBS group （P<0.05）. Compared with BMSCs group， the CVF of CXCL12 pretreated BMSCs group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）.

Pretreatment of BMSCs with CXCL12 could significantly promote the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in mice， and the mechanism may be ascribed to the activation of Epac1/Erk signaling pathway by CXCL12 in the improvement of BMSCs' biological function， which finally enhance the therapeutic effects of BMSCs on skin defect wounds.

Pain is one of the most common and distressing symptoms in burn patients，seriously affecting their treatment experience and rehabilitation process. Currently， the conventional pain relief method is pharmacological intervention. However， achieving effective analgesia while minimizing the use of painkillers is a key clinical issue that deserves significant attention. Meanwhile， with the in-depth development of research on pain management， the unique advantages of non-pharmacological interventions in burn pain management have gained recognition. These interventions can serve as a supplementary approach to pharmacological analgesia， and in some cases， even replace it. Therefore， it is necessary to systematically elaborate on common non-pharmacological interventions and their mechanisms of action in burn pain management， aiming to provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical burn pain management.

Microcirculation serves as the central link connecting systemic circulatory failure to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Following extensive burns， the body enters a complex pathophysiological state characterized by the interplay of hypovolemic shock， burn wounds， sepsis， and intense inflammatory responses， with severe microcirculatory dysfunction at its core. Currently， the importance of research and monitoring methods on post-burn microcirculation monitoring has gradually attracted attention. This review summarizes recent advances in systemic microcirculation monitoring and local wound perfusion assessment in patients with extensive burns. Various microcirculation monitoring techniques， including handheld vital microscopy imaging， near-infrared spectroscopy imaging， laser Doppler imaging， and glycocalyx assessment， have demonstrated significant diagnostic and prognostic potential， which may offer new perspectives for precision treatment in critically ill burn patients.

First dorsal interosseous muscle atrophy is a common clinical manifestation of intrinsic hand muscle dysfunction. Its etiology is complex， involving damage to multiple components such as motor neurons， cervical nerve roots， brachial plexus nerves， and the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Neurophysiological techniques， as core technologies for assessing neuromuscular function， are particularly crucial for localizing the diagnosis and differentiating the causes of this condition.This paper reviews current diagnostic strategies for first dorsal interosseous muscle atrophy using neuroelectrophysiological techniques， enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency through systematic testing protocols. The strategy emphasizes starting with medical history and physical examination， followed by targeted needle electromyography （EMG） and nerve conduction velocity （NCV） testing. Key focus is placed on muscles innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve， the recurrent branch of the median nerve， and the C8/T1 nerve roots. This approach enables precise localization from peripheral to central， and from distal to proximal， providing reliable objective evidence for formulating clinical treatment plans.

　Wound healing depends on the dynamic regulation of the immune microenvironment， in which the sequential phenotypic transition of macrophages plays a pivotal role. Platelet-rich plasma （PRP） is a blood-derived biological product enriched with multiple bioactive molecules and has been shown to improve wound healing outcomes by modulating macrophage polarization. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which PRP regulates macrophage recruitment， metabolic reprogramming， and phenotypic transition through multiple platelet-derived secretory systems， including platelet α-granules， dense granules， and extracellular vesicles. The roles of growth factors， metabolic signaling pathways， and exosomes in these processes are also discussed. Furthermore， potential strategies for optimizing PRP based on precise macrophage regulation and their prospective applications in the repair of complex wounds are highlighted.

Diabetes mellitus is a common and important metabolic disorder， and as of 2024， the global diabetic population has reached approximately 589 million， thus constituting a major public health challenge worldwide. Hyperglycemia promotes microangiopathy， nerve injury， and immune dysregulation， all of which impair wound healing and significantly increase the risk of infection and disability in diabetic patients. However， the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of impaired diabetic wound healing remain complex and not fully elucidated. Pigment epithelium-derived factor （PEDF） is a multifunctional endogenous glycoprotein that participates in angiogenesis regulation， cell proliferation and differentiation， oxidative stress modulation， and tissue remodeling. Its expression during normal wound healing is stage-specific and functionally important at each phase of the repair process. In sharp contrast， dysregulated PEDF is now widely regarded as a central molecular mechanism underlying impaired healing in diabetic wounds. This review systematically examines the mechanistic role of PEDF in diabetic wound healing and discusses PEDF-targeted interventions and their clinical prospects， aiming to provide a novel theoretical basis and concrete molecular strategies for the precise treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.

Wound healing disorder after severe burn trauma is a significant clinical challenge， and the primary pathological factor is insufficient neovascularization. Endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） home to the injured site and participate in angiogenesis， playing a crucial role in reconstructing the blood supply and promoting tissue regeneration. The signaling axis composed of stromal cell-derived factor-1 （SDF-1） and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 （CXCR4） is the main system regulating the homing chemotaxis of EPCs. Microenvironmental changes such as ischemia， hypoxia， and inflammation in the local wound area after burn trauma induce the upregulation of SDF-1 expression， forming a concentration gradient to recruit EPCs from the circulatory system. Activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis regulates downstream pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)， thereby modulating the migration， survival， proliferation， and differentiation of EPCs. Furthermore， this signaling axis forms a complex regulatory network with pathways including Wnt/β-catenin， tyrosine kinase (JAK)/transcriptional activator protein (STAT)， and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)， and coordinates the interaction between EPCs and various cell types， such as fibroblasts and immune cells， to jointly achieve wound repair. Therefore， this review elaborates on the molecular mechanisms of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway in burn wound repair. It deeply explores the regulatory network of this pathway， related therapeutic strategies， challenges in clinical translation， and discusses future research directions in the field of burn and trauma medicine. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and new perspectives for the development of SDF-1/CXCR4-targeted therapies to promote wound healing.