Dressing changes are crucial for patient recovery during wound treatment. However， procedures for burns， infected wounds， and other types are often accompanied by significant pain， which can negatively affect patient compliance and hinder the healing process. To alleviate pain associated with wound dressing changes and improve the treatment experience， Expert Consensus Group on Standardized Wound Management， Beijing Research Society for Human Body Injury Repair organized specialists in relevant fields to develop this consensus. It outlines practical methods for reducing pain during wound dressing changes， covering aspects such as dressing selection， infection control， and psychological interventions. By offering evidence-based recommendations， this consensus provides valuable guidance for wound dressing changes， aiming to minimize patient suffering， improve treatment outcomes， and enhance the quality of medical services.

Antibiotic management for periprosthetic joint infection following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty （UKA-PJI） faces multiple challenges， which lack of standardized protocols， significant influence of surgical approach and host factors on treatment strategies， and ongoing controversies regarding management of culture-negative PJI （CN-PJI）， timing of intravenous-to-oral antibiotic conversion， local antibiotic delivery strategies， and Rifampicin use. To address these issues， leading academic organizations have collaboratively developed this consensus document based on evidence-based medicine principles， aiming to standardize and guide individualized therapeutic practices. The consensus working group synthesized available evidence-based evidence alongside clinical experience. Through multiple rounds of expert deliberation and employing the grading of recommendations assessment， development， and evaluation （GRADE） system and the reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare （RIGHT） statement， this consensus systematically formulates an antibiotic management strategy for UKA-PJI. This document seeks to provide clinicians with an evidence-based reference for antibiotic decision-making in UKA-PJI， with the ultimate goals of enhancing infection control rates， reducing antimicrobial resistance risks， ensuring patient safety， and promoting rational antimicrobial use.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of BaDuShengJi Powder in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers （DFU）.

From December 2021 to March 2024, 140 DFU patients meeting the inclusion criteria admitted to 10 hospitals were enrolled and randomly assigned to an observation group （n=72） and a control group （n=68）. All patients received conventional basic treatment and standardized wound care. The observation group was treated with topical BaDuShengJi Powder， while the control group received topical silver sulfadiazine cream. The primary outcome was the total clinical effective rate after 28 days of treatment. Secondary outcomes included the time to complete formation of wound granulation tissue， changes in quantitative efficacy indicator scores on days 7， 14， 21， and 28 of treatment， and the wound healing rate.

After 28 days of treatment， the total effective rate was 91.67% in the observation group and 76.47% in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （χ²=6.097，P=0.014）. The absolute difference in the total effective rate was 15.20% （95%CI： 3.27%-27.13%）. The median time to complete formation of wound granulation tissue was 20 days in the observation group and 28 days in the control group， showing a statistically significant difference （χ²=4.208，P=0.040）. On days 7， 14， and 21 of treatment， the quantitative efficacy indicator scores in the observation group decreased by 1.25 （-2.00， 14.25）， 3.50 （-1.50， 17.75）， and 4.37 （-0.25， 22.25） points， respectively， while the control group decreased by 1.50 （-6.25， 9.00）， 2.50 （-3.25， 14.75）， and 4.00 （-3.00， 17.25） points， respectively. On days 14 and 21 of treatment， the reductions in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group （Z=2.980，2.107；P=0.003，0.035）. After 28 days of treatment， the wound healing rate in the observation group was 77.53% （5.71%， 100.00%）， which was significantly higher than that in the control group ［66.01% （-250.00%， 100.00%）］ （Z=1.527， P=0.019）.

BaDuShengJi Powder can shorten the time for necrotic tissue shedding， promote wound granulation， and accelerate wound healing in the treatment of DFU.

To explore the clinical effect of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma （PRP） combined with arthroscopic surgery and its influences on serum Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR-4） and matrix metalloproteinase-3 （MMP-3） in knee osteoarthritis （KOA）.

A total of 100 patients with KOA treated in the Second Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College were enrolled as the research objects between January 2024 and January 2025. According to random number table method， they were divided into control group （arthroscopic minimally invasive debridement + injection of hyaluronic acid） and study group （arthroscopic minimally invasive debridement + intra-articular injection of PRP）， 50 cases in each group. The curative effect was compared between the two groups， and evaluation of curative effect was performed at 3 months after treatment. According to 4-level evaluation system， effective rate was calculated. The pain degree was compared between the two groups by numerical rating scale for pain （NRS）, the impairment of knee function was compared by Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index （WOMAC）, the range of motion （ROM）， Lysholm score， levels of serum TLR-4 and MMP-3 7 days after surgery were compared.

The total response rate of study group was higher than that of control group （90.00% vs 70.00%， χ²=6.250， P<0.05）. After treatment， NRS scores were decreased in both groups （t_{study group}=20.944， t_{control group}=17.821； both P<0.001）， which were lower in study group than control group （t=9.909， P<0.001）. After treatment， WOMAC scores were decreased in both groups （t_{study group}=13.900， t_{control group}=9.266； both P<0.001）， which were lower in study group than control group （t=4.416， P<0.05）. After treatment， range of motion and Lysholm score were increased in both groups （range of motion： t_{study group}=22.921， t_{control group}=16.993， both P<0.001； Lysholm score： t_{study group}=14.637， t_{control group}=7.975， both P<0.001）， which were higher in study group than control group （t_{range of motion}=3.273， P=0.002， t_{Lysholm score}=5.718， P<0.001）. After treatment， levels of MMP-3 and TLR-4 were decreased in both groups （MMP-3： t_{study group}=8.063， P<0.001， t_{control group}=3.108， P=0.003； TLR-4： t_{study group}=20.640， t_{control group}=16.492， both P<0.001）， which were lower in study group than control group （t_MMP-3=5.788， t_TLR-4=4.669，both P<0.001）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups （χ²=0.400， P>0.05）.

Curative effect of intra-articular injection of PRP combined with arthroscopic debridement is significant in KOA patients， which can significantly relieve pain， delay disease progression， improve knee function and has more advantages in reducing TLR-4 level and regulating MMP-3 level.

To investigate the clinical effect of 50% hypertonic glucose injection into the shoulder joint combined with acupotomology in the treatment of shoulder pain after cervical spinal cord injury.

A total of 82 patients with shoulder pain after cervical spinal cord injury who were hospitalized in Department of Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation，Ningbo Rehabilitation Hospital from July 2023 to April 2025 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups according to the random number table method. The control group received limb joint range of motion training and limb function training （15–20 min per session， once daily， 5 times weekly）， while the observation group， on the basis of the control group's training， additionally received ultrasound-guided 50% hypertonic glucose injection combined with acupotomy for releasing shoulder pain points （once weekly， for a total of 4 weeks）； efficacy was assessed by comparing the pre- and post-treatment Constant-Murley shoulder joint scores， including pain score， activities of daily living score， passive range of motion score， and muscle strength score， and after 4 weeks of treatment， efficacy was further evaluated using shoulder score improvement rate and effective rate. Cured: no shoulder poin, markedly effective: reduced shoulder pain with shoulder score improvement rate of ≥50%, effective: shoulder joint score improvement rate between 20% and 50%, ineffective : shoulder joint score improvement rate <20%.

Within each group， the Constant-Murley shoulder joint scores of patients in both groups were significantly improved after treatment compared with those before treatment， and the differences were statistically significant （Z_{control group}=6.667，Z_{observation group}=6.035, both P<0.01）. In the intergroup comparison， the total Constant-Murley shoulder joint score of patients in the observation group （treated with high glucose injection combined with needle knife therapy） was improved more significant than the control group (t=6.962, P<0.05)， with remarkable improvements in pain （Z=-3.306, P<0.05） etc.. The 50% hypertonic glucose injection combined with needle knife therapy （administered to the observation group） could effectively relieve shoulder pain in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Among the observation group patients， 20 cases were cured， 19 cases were marked effective， 2 cases showed effect， and the total effective rate was 95.12%, which was statistically significant compared with the control group (70.73%) (χ²=8.613, P<0.01).

Hypertonic glucose injection therapy combined with needle knife therapy can relieve shoulder pain in patients with cervical spinal cord injury， improve the motor and sensory functions of the upper limbs， and the therapeutic effect is remarkable.

To conduct a CiteSpace-based visualization analysis of Chinese and English literature regarding hypertrophic scars （HS）， explore current research status， hotspots， and future development trends in this field.

HS-related articles published between January 2014 and December 2024 were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science core collection databases. CiteSpace 6.4.R1 software was utilized to perform visualization analysis of the number of published articles， authors， institutions， keywords， and citation frequencies.

A total of 1 358 Chinese publications and 3 330 English publications were included. The top three most prolific authors in Chinese publications were Tao Kai （26 articles）， Guo Bingyu （14 articles）， and Tan Jun （12 articles）. For English publications， the top three most prolific authors were Ogawa R （39 articles）， Hu DH （37 articles）， and Li Y （25 articles）， with two of them affiliated with Chinese institutions. A total of 632 institutions contributed to publications on HS. Among the 338 institutions in Chinese dataset， the Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine published the most articles （38 articles）. Among the 294 institutions in English dataset， Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranked highest with 153 articles. A total of 295 Chinese keywords and 547 English keywords were included in co-occurrence analysis.  The top five keywords in frequency in Chinese literature were keloid， triamcinolone acetonide， burn， proliferation， and efficacy. The top five keywords in frequency in English literature were expression， keloids， management， skin， and wound healing. Keyword clustering analysis revealed eight clusters in Chinese literature， with burn being the largest， and seven clusters in English literature， with systematic review being the largest. In Chinese literature, the keyword with the highest emergent strength was tissue engineering, while recent emerging keywords included migration, children, safety, angiogenesis, and exosomes. In English literature, the keyword with the highest emergent strength was drug delivery, while recent emerging keywords included fractional CO₂ laser, systematic review, pain, drug delivery, nanoparticles, dressings, and safety.

Research on HS exhibits increasing globalization and interdisciplinary integration. However， distinct differences exist between domestic and international research patterns, domestic research focuses more on clinical applications， while international studies emphasize basic science and translational technology. The future research will likely focus on elucidating molecular mechanisms and integrating emerging therapeutic technologies.

To investigate the current situation of return-to-work self-efficacy （RTW-SE） in patients after replantation of severed fingers and analyze its influencing factors， provide evidence for developing targeted interventions to improve patients' RTW-SE.

Patients who underwent replantation of severed fingers in operating room of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei from September 2023 to August 2024 were selected as the research objects. Data were collected using the general information questionnaire， return-to-work self-efficacy scale， self-compassion scale， hospital anxiety and depression scale， and family care index questionnaire. The correlations between RTW-SE and self-compassion， anxiety， depression， and family function were analyzed. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze influencing factors of RTW-SE in patients after replantation of severed fingers.

A total of 142 questionnaires were distributed， and 139 valid questionnaires were returned， with a valid return rate of 97.89%. The score of RTW-SE in patients after replantation of severed fingers was 4.59±0.85， while the score of the self-compassion scale was 78.42±8.63. Among the patients， 81 cases exhibited anxiety symptoms and 74 cases demonstrated depressive symptoms. Family function was rated as good in 61 cases， moderate in 49 cases， and poor in 29 cases. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in RTW-SE score among patients with different occupational types， monthly incomes， number of amputated digits， anxiety status， depression status， and family function （P<0.05）. In patients after replantation of severed fingers， RTW-SE showed positive correlations with self-compassion （r=0.439， P=0.004） and family functioning （r=0.429， P=0.005）， while demonstrating negative correlations with anxiety （r=-0.311， P=0.035） and depression （r=-0.297， P=0.042）. Multiple linear regression analysis identified that occupational type， monthly income， anxiety， depression， family function， and self-compassion were significant influencing factors of RTW-SE in patients after replantation of severed fingers（P<0.05）.

Patients after replantation of severed fingers demonstrated moderate-to-low levels of RTW-SE， which is significantly associated with occupational type， monthly income， anxiety， depression， family function， and self-compassion. Medical staff should develop targeted interventions focusing on negative emotional states， family support systems， and self-compassion enhancement to improve RTW-SE in patients after replantation of severed fingers.

To analyze the gene expression profile of capsular cell populations in patients with frozen shoulder （FS）， and explore the survival characteristics of key cell subsets （including fibroblasts and immune cells）， and verify the cell survival status during the chronic inflammation-fibrosis process of the joint capsule through a rat model of FS.

Based on the GEO dataset （ERP143358）， single-cell transcriptomic data of the joint capsule from 4 patients with FS （FS group） and 6 patients with shoulder instability (control group) were compared to analyze the types of capsular cell populations and changes in the proportion of cell subsets in patients with FS. Studies were conducted from the perspectives of cell proliferation， apoptosis， autophagy， and senescence to identify changes in the expression of key hub genes， and based on this， relevant functional changes were evaluated. A rat model of FS was established to assess shoulder joint range of motion. Histological examinations were performed to analyze pathological characteristics and collagen deposition in FS model group (n=3) and sham-operated group (n=3). Immunohistochemical staining was used to verify the expression levels of cell proliferation， apoptosis， autophagy， and senescence markers.

The capsular cell population was dominated by fibroblasts； the proportion of immune cells （including lymphocytes and neutrophils） in the joint capsule of patients with FS showed a statistically significant increase. In addition， the proportion of fibroblasts entering the S phase and G2/M phase was significantly increased， indicating enhanced proliferative activity in FS. The expression of genes related to apoptosis， senescence， and autophagy in fibroblasts was not significantly elevated， and the levels of cell apoptosis and senescence were inhibited. Results from the rat model verification showed that after 8 weeks of shoulder joint immobilization， the external rotation range of motion in the FS model group was significantly lower than that in the sham-operated group， with increased collagen deposition. The expression of cell proliferation-related markers was elevated， while the expression of apoptosis， senescence， and autophagy-related markers was not increased.

The core pathological mechanism of frozen shoulder is chronic inflammation and fibrosis driven by abnormal activation of fibroblasts and immune cell infiltration， which is manifested as an imbalance in cell survival， namely enhanced proliferation and inhibited apoptosis， autophagy， and senescence.

Chronic wounds are typically characterized by prolonged treatment durations， high rates of amputation， and high recurrence rates， making them a persistent challenge and focus in medical research. In the field of chronic wound repair， traditional therapeutic approaches are associated with several limitations， including slow recovery and considerable trauma. As a result， laser therapy has garnered increasing attention due to its advantages， such as minimal invasiveness， high precision， high safety， and ease of operation. Currently， low-level laser therapy is the most widely used modality in clinical settings， promoting wound healing and alleviating local pain by modulating cellular metabolism. Emerging studies suggest that high-intensity laser therapy has also demonstrated potential in enhancing the wound healing process. This article investigates the selection of laser types and treatment parameters， with the objective of improving treatment efficacy and minimizing complications. It aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive theoretical foundation and practical guidance for reducing potential adverse effects and optimizing laser therapy outcomes.