Second-degree burns are a common type of burn in clinical practice. Currently, multiple types of dressings and topical medications can promote the healing of second-degree burn wounds. Among these, growth factors play a synergistic role in the wound healing process by promoting cell proliferation， migration， and differentiation， as well as enhancing angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. Although growth factor preparations have been used in clinical practice for many years， the emergence of new types and formulations of growth factors led to more prominent related controversies. How to select appropriate growth factors and apply timely and effectively for the treatment of burn wounds is a challenge in clinical application. This article compiles the consensus reached by experts in the field of burns and related areas on the use of growth factors for second-degree burn wounds， including the types， application scope， usage duration， and scar prevention， aiming to provide guiding recommendations for the use of growth factors in the treatment of second-degree burn wounds.

To explore the clinical efficacy of modified abdominal pedicled flap in repairing severe burn and trauma wounds of the hand.

From August 2020 to October 2024， 43 patients with severe hand burn and trauma injuries admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the 910th Hospital of Joint Service Support Unit of PLA were divided into observation group （22 cases） and control group （21 cases） based on different wound repair methods. The observation group was treated with modified abdominal pedicled flaps， including the design of individualized thin flaps， reservation of silk threads in the pedicle and interdigital areas， and early pedicle division and finger separation after staged and segmented ligation to block local blood supply post-operation. If the donor site could not be sutured， auxiliary flaps or autografts were used for repair， and vacuum sealing drainage （VSD） dressings were applied to both donor and recipient sites. The control group was treated with traditional abdominal pedicled flaps， large fat particles at the distal end of the flap were removed, and the flap was transferd to cover the wound， pedicle division was performed at 3 weeks post-operation， followed by finger separation and flap revision at a later stage. Donor sites were sutured or grafted， and recipient and donor sites were dressed with sterile gauze. The pedicle division time， flap survival rate at 7 days after pedicle division， wound healing time and number of operations were compared between the two groups. At the last follow-up, two-point discrimination， patient satisfaction， and the excellent and good rate of hand function recovery were compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed using t-test， χ² test， Fisher's exact test， and Mann-Whitney U test.

The flap pedicle division time of the observation group was earlier than that of the control group ［（10.43±1.38） d vs. （21.29±1.06） d， t=28.755， P<0.001］. The flap survival rate at 7 days after pedicle division in the observation group was higher than that in the control group ［100.0% （100.0%， 100.0%） vs. 100.0% （96.5%， 100.0%）， Z=2.050， P=0.032］. Compared to the control group, the wound healing time was shorter ［（16.71±1.45） d vs. （37.33±4.55） d， t=19.755， P<0.001］， and the number of operations was fewer ［2 （2， 2） vs. 3 （2， 3）， Z=3.025， P=0.002］ in the observation group. At the last follow up， the two-point discrimination of the flap in the observation group showed no statistically significant difference compared to the control group ［（7.46±2.48） mm vs. （8.33±2.56） mm， t=1.100， P=0.277］. The satisfaction rate with flap appearance was 90.9%， the satisfaction rate with donor site appearance was 86.4%， and the excellent and good rate of hand function was 95.5% in the observation group， while those were 61.9%， 57.1%， and 71.4% in the control group， respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant （χ²=5.064， 4.560， 4.551， P<0.05）.

Compared to the traditional abdominal pedicled flaps， the modified abdominal pedicled flaps for repairing severe hand burn and trauma wounds allows for earlier pedicle division and simultaneous finger separation. After division， the flap exhibits a higher survival rate， shorter wound healing time， fewer surgical procedures， unaffected flap sensation， and greater patient satisfaction with the appearance of both donor and recipient sites， along with better hand function recovery.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of full-thickness microskin grafting in the treatment of autoimmune disease-related ulcers.

A retrospective study was conducted on 28 patients with autoimmune disease-related ulcers admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Air Force Medical Center from January 2018 to June 2024. All patients were treated with wound vacuum drainage， debridement and dressing change after admission， and skin grafting was performed when the wound was clean and bacteria culture was negative， including 11 patients with full-thickness microskin grafting and 17 patients with split-thickness skin grafting. Statistically analyzed and compared the two skin grafting methods in terms of operation duration， postoperative 24 h blood loss at the skin donor site （the number of gauze layers visibly soaked with blood）， pain degree of skin donor site［visual analogue scale （VAS）］ at first dressing change， skin grafted area and skin donor site healing time， Vancouver scar scale （VSS） score at 6 months after healing of the skin grafted area and skin donor site， and patient treatment satisfaction （evaluated by Likert 5-point scale）.

There was no significant difference in the operation time between the full-thickness microskin grafting group 2 （1.5， 2.0） hours and the split-thickness skin grafting group 2 （1.5， 2.0） hours （P>0.05）. The blood loss in 24 h in the full-thickness microskin grafting group ［（2.10±0.82） layers］ was significantly lower than that in the split-thickness skin grafting group ［（12.27±3.71 ） layers］（t=8.896， P<0.001）. At the same time， the VAS score of full-thickness microskin grafting group ［（2.24±0.41） points］ was significantly lower than that of split-thickness skin grafting group ［（6.51±1.23）points］at the donor site at the first dressing change （t=11.059， P<0.001）. The healing time of donor site in full-thickness microskin grafting group ［（10.45±1.56）d］was significantly shorter than that in split-thickness skin grafting group ［（19.48±3.75）d］ （t=7.536， P<0.001）. The wound healing time in full-thickness microskin grafting group was （32.13±5.79） d, which was significantly higher than that of split-thickness skin grafting group （25.53±7.37 d） （t=2.506， P<0.05）. In 6 months after healing， the wound VSS score of full-thickness microskin group was （3.18±1.37）points， which was significantly lower than （4.52±1.06） points of split-thickness skin graft group （t=2.913， P<0.01）. The VSS of donor site in full-thickness microskin group was （2.31±1.19） points in 6 months after healing， which was much lower than （4.11±1.42） points in split-thickness skin graft group （t=3.481， P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in treatment satisfaction between the two groups （P>0.05）.

The full-thickness microskin grafting is minimally invasive， economical， and simple for the treatment of AID-related ulcers. It can significantly reduce pain and bleeding at the donor site， accelerate the healing of the donor site， and reduce scar at the donor site and wound after healing.

To explore the clinical effect of anterolateral thigh flap with fascia lata in repairing complex abdominal wall defects after removal of infected abdominal mesh.

From April 2020 to April 2023， 7 patients with complex abdominal wall defects caused by removal of abdominal infected mesh in Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery，988th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA were selected， including 4 males and 3 females， aged 38~66 years. There were 4 cases of abdominal hernia mesh exposure infection， and 3 cases of mesh exposure infection after abdominal tumor resection and patch repair. After admission， the deep cavity wound with abdominal wall defect extending to the peritoneum was formed after debridement and vacuum sealing drainage. The wound area was 10 cm×6 cm~15 cm×10 cm， and the aponeurosis defect area was 3 cm×3 cm~7 cm×5 cm. The anterolateral thigh flap with fascia lata was designed and cut. The flap area was 10 cm×6 cm~15 cm×10 cm， and the fascia lata area was 4 cm×3 cm~8 cm×6 cm. The fascia lata was used to repair the abdominal wall aponeurosis tissue defect， and the flap was used to repair the skin and soft tissue defect. The donor site was directly sutured or grafted with abdominal medium thickness skin graft. The survival of the flap and the wound healing in the donor recipient area were observed after operation. Follow up to observe the condition of skin flap， abdominal shape， abdominal wall hernia and quadriceps hernia.

The flap blood circulation of 7 patients was good and survived smoothly. 6 patients' wounds in the recipient area healed smoothly， and 1 patient's wounds in the recipient area appeared exudation in the late stage， and healed after wound expansion and suture. All donor site wounds healed of 7 patients. The patients were followed up for 12-18 months. The flaps were slightly bloated， and the appearance of the abdomen was good. There were no abdominal wall hernia and quadriceps hernia. The treatment results were satisfactory.

The anterolateral thigh flap with fascia lata can strengthen the abdominal wall， repair the complex abdominal wall defect caused by the removal of abdominal hernia infection patch， and prevent the formation of postoperative abdominal wall hernia and quadriceps hernia.

To observe the application effect of bilateral internal pudendal artery perforator flaps in the repair of perianal skin and soft tissue defects.

From July 2022 to December 2024， 26 patients with perianal skin and soft tissue defects were treated with bilateral internal pudendal artery perforator flaps at the Department of Repair and Reconstruction Surgery， Shougang Hospital， Peking University， including 17 males and 9 females， aged 40–62（49.5） years. There were 20 cases of colorectal malignant tumors and 6 cases of perianal malignant tumors. The area of perianal skin and soft tissue defects ranged from 22 cm×7 cm to 32 cm×14 cm. Postoperatively， the survival of the flaps， the healing of the donor and recipient sites， and the presence of complications were observed. Follow-up observations were made on the movement of the buttocks and the scar conditions.

A total of 52 internal pudendal artery perforator flaps were used in the 26 patients， all of which survived postoperatively. The flap area ranged from 14 cm×5 cm to 19 cm×7 cm. The follow-up period was 2–16（6.4） months. One patient developed fluid accumulation under the flap with partial necrosis at the tip， which improved after dressing changes. Five flaps exhibited delayed healing， and four flaps developed incision dehiscence due to early ambulation， all of which improved after dressing changes. Twenty-five patients had natural gluteal folds， while one patient had significant scarring at the sacrococcygeal junction， which mildly affected hip movement. All 26 patients were satisfied with the surgical outcomes.

The use of bilateral internal pudendal artery perforator flaps for repairing perianal skin and soft tissue defects provides reliable blood supply. It effectively closes wounds while reconstructing the gluteal fold， achieving good symmetry and aesthetic appearance with minimal traction on adjacent urogenital structures. This method is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

To investigate effect of combination of liposuction with intense pulsed light and non-ablative fractional laser for the treatment of body surface lipomas.

A total of 32 patients with lipoma on the body surface who were admitted to the Department of Plastic Dermatology， Peking University Cancer Hospital（Inner Mongolia Campus） from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected for ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy before surgery， and all of them were diagnosed to be lipomas. The concealed incision was designed， the liposuction machine was connected， the tumor was sucked out with a liposuction needle, the pressure bandaging， and the conventional dressing change and suture removal were performed. The scar was prevented by intense plused light and 1 565 nm non-ablative fractional laser after surgery. The incision healing time was observed. The number of scar vessels was recorded by dermoscopy， and the scar score was recorded by the Vancouver scar scale (VSS).

All 32 patients were followed up for 12 months after the operation. No recurrence of lipoma was observed. The average healing time was 10 days. The average number of vessels under dermoscopy was 2， and the average score of the VSS was 1.8 points at final follow-up. No other complications occurred.

The combination of liposuction and intense pulsed light and non-ablative fractional laser is an effective approach for treating body surface lipomas， worthing further promotion and application.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of burn inpatients in Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from 2021 to 2023， in order to provide reference for prevention and treatment of burns in Qinghai region.

The data of 1 012 burn inpatients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair， Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from 2021 to 2023 were collected. Data of the patients， such as age， gender， nation， cause of the injury， burn severity， and burn site were collected and analyzed to characterize the epidemiological profile of burn inpatients.

Among the 1 012 patients， there were 684 males and 328 females， with a ratio of 2.09∶1. The main cause of injury was hydrothermal scald （551 cases， 54.45%）， followed by flame burns （235 cases，23.22%）， electrical burns （109 cases，10.77%）， chemical burns （59 cases，5.83%）， and other burns （58 cases，5.73%）. The majority of patients were from rural areas （699 cases，69.07%）. Effective initial management was implemented in 229 cases （22.63%）， 69.76% of burns occurred at home. The severity of burns was mainly moderate （551 cases，54.45%）. Flame burns were the main cause of extremely severe burns， whereas hydrothermal scald accounted for a higher proportion of severe burns. The seasonal distribution was not obvious， with a relatively higher number of patients admitted in summer， accounting for 28.75%. The age range of patients was 6 months to 84 years. Among the 337 cases in the infant and toddler group， the primary cause of injury was hydrothermal scald， accounting for 91.99% （310/337）. In the school-age group of 45 cases， the main causes were hydrothermal scald and flame burns， accounting for 44.44% （20/45） and 37.78% （17/45）， respectively. The adolescent group of 168 cases was predominantly affected by hydrothermal scald and flame burns， making up 33.33% （56/168）. In the middle-aged group of 417 cases， hydrothermal scald and flame burns were also the leading causes， accounting for 33.57% （140/417） and 33.33% （139/417）， respectively. Among the 45 cases in the elderly group， hydrothermal scald and other burns were the primary causes， representing 55.56% （25/45） and 26.67% （12/45）， respectively. Han patients accounted for 56.82% (575/1 012), while ethnic minority patients accounted for 43.18% (437/1 012）. A total of 2 170 burn sites were recorded among 1 012 patients， with variations observed across different age groups. Infants and toddlers predominantly sustained burns on limbs or torso， school-aged children frequently experienced injuries to limbs or face， while adolescents commonly suffered burns on upper limbs or face. Middle-aged individuals were more likely to sustain burns on the face， neck， limbs， and torso， whereas elderly patients predominantly had burns on lower limbs.

The primary cause of burns in Qinghai region is hydrothermal scald， with no distinct seasonal pattern. Most affected patients reside in rural areas， and ethnic minority patients account for a relatively high proportion.

To explore the latent categories and influencing factors of airway care competency for inhalation injury among nurses in burn units.

In December 2024， nursing staff from 19 burn centers across 12 provinces and cities， including Shanghai， Beijing， and Jiangsu， were selected as the study subjects using convenience sampling. The survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire and the Airway Care Competency Evaluation Scale for Inhalation Injury. Latent profile analysis， univariate analysis， and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify the different latent profiles and influencing factors of airway care competency for inhalation injury among nurses in burn units.

The airway care competency for inhalation injury among nurses in burn units could be categorized into three latent categories： low-level， medium-level， and high-level groups. Gender （OR=3.758， 95%CI： 1.065–13.267， P=0.040）， professional title （OR=5.273， 95%CI： 1.550–17.936， P=0.008）， employment type （OR=3.063， 95%CI： 1.486–6.314， P=0.002）， and whether they had participated in training related to inhalation injury airway care （OR=4.458， 95%CI： 2.191–9.071， P=0.000） were influencing factors for the potential profile classification between the low-level and medium-level groups. Years of work experience （OR=27.576， 95%CI： 2.043–372.149， P=0.012）， whether they had participated in training related to inhalation injury airway care （OR=2.925， 95%CI： 1.173–6.233， P=0.005）， and whether they had experience in inhalation injury care （OR=4.046， 95%CI： 1.295–12.635， P=0.016） were influencing factors for the potential profile classification between the low-level and high-level groups.

There exists heterogeneity in the airway care competency for inhalation injury among nurses in burn units. Managers should develop targeted training strategies based on the influencing factors of different latent categories to effectively improve airway care competency for inhalation injury of nurses.

To construct the "Internet + Home Care" wound assessment system and verify its effect， improve the quality of home care and the professional skills of nursing staff， and provide reference for home care services.

On the premise of literature search and two rounds of Delphi expert letter inquiry to determine the content of home care wound assessment， the "Internet + Home Care" wound assessment system was constructed based on the principle of advance intervention to reduce nursing risks. Using a historical control study method， 41 wounds patients who received routine home care from May 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the control group， while 41 wound patients who applied the "Internet + Home Care" wound assessment system from February to June 2023 were selected as the observation group. The accuracy of wound assessments by home nurses and the satisfaction of family members with home care were compared between the two groups.

After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, the content for wound assessment records in "Internet + Home Care" was determined, comprising 3 primary items, 10 secondary items, and 46 tertiary items. The accuracy of wound assessment by home nurses in the observation group （98.69%±3.80%） was higher than that in the control group （96.25%±6.23%）， with a statistically significant difference （t=2.174， P=0.036）. The satisfaction of family members with home care in the observation group （44.88±0.56） showed no statistically significant difference compared to the control group （44.83±0.63），t=0.361， P=0.720.

The construction and application of "Internet + Home Care" wound assessment system can improve the quality of home care and the professional skills of nursing staff.

To investigate the changing trends of neck edema in patients with isolated facial and neck burns or extensive burns combined with inhalation injury， reduce the risk of unplanned extubation and the incidence of iatrogenic pressure injuries in the neck among tracheostomy patients.

A total of 63 burn patients admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital， Capital Medical University from June 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled， including 8 patients with isolated facial and neck burns and 55 patients with extensive burns combined with inhalation injury. The patients with extensive burns combined with inhalation injury were stratified into four subgroups based on total burn surface area (TBSA)： 20%–29% TBSA （n=13）， 30%–49% TBSA （n=12）， 50%–69% TBSA （n=14）， and ≥70% TBSA （n=16）. Standardized neck circumference measurements were used to dynamically record the severity of neck edema in each group， and the correlation between the severity of neck edema， the duration of intubation and total burn area was analyzed. Observed the occurrence of tracheal cannula dislocation or pressure injuries related to the fixation belt.

The peak time of neck edema was 24–40 hours post-injury in isolated facial and neck burns group，24–48 hours post-injury in 20%–29% TBSA group， 24–48 hours post-injury in 30%–49% TBSA group， 24–48 hours post-injury in 50%–69% TBSA group， and 16–60 hours post-injury in ≥70% TBSA group. The differences in peak edema time among the groups were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The severity of neck edema and the duration of intubation were positively correlated with total burn area （P<0.05）. During the observation period， there were no cases of tracheal cannula dislocation or pressure injuries related to the fixation belt.

In clinical management， according to the changing pattern of cervical edema after injury in burn patients， dynamic monitoring should be strengthened at key time points， and the tightness of the tracheal tube fixation belt should be adjusted in a timely manner to prevent pressure injuries and unplanned extubation.

To investigate the effect of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11) secreted by fibroblasts in high glucose environment on the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the potential mechanisms.

The wound edge skin tissue of a diabetic foot ulcer （DFU） patient admitted to the Department of Wound Repair of Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in August 2021， and an acute foot injury patient treated in the Hand Surgery Department of the same hospital in September 2021 was collected. The single-cell transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the interaction between chemokine ligands of fibroblasts subgroup and chemokine receptors of vascular endothelial cells subgroup. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples were collected from DFU patients （n=3） in the Department of Endocrinology and acute foot injury patients （n=3） in the Burns Department at Wuhan Third Hospital between January 2022 and December 2024. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe the expression of CXCL11 and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 7 （CXCR7） in the wound edge skin tissue. Normal human foreskin fibroblasts （HFF-1） and HFF-1 treated with D-glucose were divided into normal group and high glucose group， respectively. After 48 h of culture， the supernatants from normal group and high glucose group were collected as normal fibroblasts-conditioned medium （NFs-CM） and glucose-treated fibroblasts-conditioned medium （GFs-CM）， respectively. The mRNA expression levels of CXCL11 in the cells of normal group and high glucose group were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR）. HUVECs were divided into complete medium group （CPM group）， NFs-CM group， and GFs-CM group， the scratch test was performed to calculate the cell migration rates at 12， 24， and 36 h after scratching. Western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of CXCR7 protein in HUVECs from CPM group， NFs-CM group， and GFs-CM group， treated for 36 h. After treatment with a neutralizing antibody against CXCL11， the experiment was divided into six groups： CPM group， CPM+anti-CXCL11 group， NFs-CM group， NFs-CM+anti-CXCL11 group， GFs-CM group， and GFs-CM+anti-CXCL11 group. Scratch tests were repeated in each group. All experiments were repeated three times. One-way ANOVA，Tukey's test and t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Compared with the wound edge skin tissue of acute foot injury， the interaction between the chemokine ligand CXCL11 of the fibroblasts subgroup and the chemokine receptor CXCR7 of the vascular endothelial cells subgroup was significantly enhanced in the wound edge skin tissue of DFU， and the expression levels of CXCL11 and CXCR7 protein in tissue from DFU were notably higher （t=25.870， 18.150； P<0.001）. Compared with normal group， the mRNA expression level of CXCL11 in HFF-1 from high glucose group was significantly elevated （t=8.412，P=0.001）. At 36 h after scratching， the migration rate of HUVECs in GFs-CM group was significantly lower than that in CPM group and NFs-CM group （P<0.001）. Western blot analysis demonstrated that CXCR7 protein expression was significantly higher in GFs-CM group than that in CPM group and NFs-CM group （P<0.001）. At 12， 24， and 36 h after scratching，compared with GFs-CM group， the migration of HUVECs was significantly enhanced in GFs-CM+anti-CXCL11 group （P<0.001）.

High glucose promotes the secretion of CXCL11 by HFF-1， and the stimulation of its cell culture supernatant can inhibit HUVECs migration and upregulate CXCR7 protein expression. Exogenous CXCL11 neutralizing antibody can enhance the migration capacity of HUVECs.

Habitual patellar dislocation is relatively rare. Compared with other types of patellar dislocation， its pathological changes are mainly contracture of the extensor apparatus and intrinsic anatomical abnormalities of the knee joint. Surgery is the main treatment for habitual patellar dislocation， and it is difficult to achieve good clinical outcomes with a single surgical procedure. Lengthening of the extensor mechanism of the knee is the key to treating habitual patellar dislocation， which usually includes the release of the lateral retinaculum， iliotibial band， and quadriceps tendon. In patients with bony deformities， osteotomy techniques are used to restore normal patellar trajectory and lower extremity lines of force. At present， there are many surgical approaches for the treatment of habitual patellar dislocation， but a unified treatment protocol has not been established. It is necessary to review the application status and latest progress of various surgical procedures for habitual patellar dislocation， so as to more accurately guide clinical treatment.

Wound healing is a dynamic and continuous process， where each phase is precisely regulated by signals from both internal and external environments. Adipose tissue contains various cell types and signaling molecules， and it is easy to obtain. Adipose tissue and its derivatives are beneficial for key processes in wound healing， such as neovascularization， collagen deposition， full-thickness skin graft survival， and improved survival of epidermal cells in transplants. This article reviews the research progress on the application of human adipose tissue and its derivatives in the field of skin repair and regeneration.

Shortage of skin is the bottleneck for treating large area wounds. Current metheds for repaining skin and soft tissue injuries still can't entirely avoid donor site damage. These methods cannot fundamentally improve the prognosis of patients with extensive soft tissue injury. Because of self-renewal ability， multi-directional differentiation， and reaction to injury， endogenous stem cells play an important role in the process of wound healing and scarless healing. How to recruit, activate, and promote the regeneration and differentiation of endogenous stem cells has been a hot spot of in-situ tissue engineering. Because of biophysical characteristics， some biomaterials can recruit stem cells， and activate stem cell regeneration to promote wound repair. Based on the role of stem cells in the repair of soft tissue injury， this review systematically summarizes the research progress of stem cells in-situ regeneration, in order to provide new ideas for the repair of extensive skin and soft tissue injury in clinical practice.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to exhibit a sustained upward trend， accompanied by a concurrent rise in the incidence of diabetic microvascular complications. Conditions such as diabetic foot and diabetic chronic ulcers have shown a marked increase in prevalence. Diabetic chronic ulcers， characterized by prolonged therapeutic duration， not only significantly impair patients' quality of life but also demonstrate crucial pathogenic mechanisms that play a pivotal role in disease progression. Notably， vascular endothelial cells （VECs） dysfunction serves as a central pathological event in the initiation and development of vascular complications， rendering the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms clinically significant. Therefore， hope to provide novel therapeutic targets and interventional strategies for diabetic chronic ulcers by exploring systematic investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying VECs injury.