To investigate the efficacy and safety of domestic surgical navigation system in total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Forty-two patients who met the inclusion criteria and planned to receive THA and admitted to the Department of Bone and Joint, Chifeng Hospital from May to September 2021 were selected. The patients were divided into the experimental group (n=19) and the control group (n=23) by the central randomization system. After admission, patients in the two groups underwent routine preoperative related examinations such as X-ray films of the affected hip joint and whole pelvis CT. The patients in the experimental group were treated with domestic surgical navigation system to assist in completing THA during the operation. While the patients in the control group were treated with traditional surgical methods to complete THA. All the patients received routine postoperative infection prevention, prevention of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, and hip joint functional exercise. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss of the patients in the two groups were collected. At one month after operation, the acetabular prosthesis angle was measured by imaging examination to calculate the proportion of the acetabular prosthesis angle in the Lewinnek safe zone in the two groups. At one month after operation, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) assessment score, Harris hip score, SF-36 health survey score, hip range of motion, joint dislocation rate and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Data were processed with independent samples t test, chi-square test.

The operation time of the experimental group was (107.7±25.3) min, which was longer than that of the control group [(80.2±21.7) min], and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.791, P<0.05); the intraoperative blood loss of the experimental group was (281.6±151.1) mL, compared with the control group [(233.9±117.7) mL], the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.149, P= 0.257). At one month after operation, the proportion of the acetabular prosthesis angle in the Lewinnek safe zone in the experimental group was 94.7% (18/19), compared with the control group [60.9% (14/23)], the difference was statistically significant (χ²=6.579, P= 0.010). At one month after operation, the WOMAC scale evaluation score, Harris hip score, and SF-36 health survey score were (13.8±7.3), (80.9±6.8), (602.6±69.4) points, respectively, which were higher than those of the control group [(14.8±8.3), (80.3±7.9), (588.8±114.7) points], the differences were not statistically significant (t=-0.409, 0.276, 0.458; P=0.685, 0.784, 0.650). At one month after operation, , the hip joints in the experimental group were adduction (15.3±4.6)°, abduction (33.3±7.7)°, internal rotation (13.7±4.4)°, external rotation (23.9±14.4)°, flexion (100.0±10.8) °, compared with the control group [adduction (15.7±4.6)°, abduction (32.8±7.0)°, internal rotation (12.6±4.7)°, external rotation (19.1±8.5)°, flexion (95.4±12.5)°], the differences were not statistically significant (t=-0.274, 0.146, 0.759, 1.348, 1.251; P=0.785, 0.885, 0.452, 0.185, 0.218). There was no postoperative joint dislocation in the experimental group, while the joint dislocation rate in the control group was 4.3% (1/23), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ²=0.000, P=1.000). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was 21.1% (4/19), compared with the control group [13.0% (3/23)], the difference was not statistically significant (χ²=0.077, P=0.782).

The surgical navigation system assisted THA is more accurate and safer than the traditional THA acetabular prosthesis, but the operation time is relatively longer, and the early postoperative clinical effect is the same.