To study the repairing effect of drug-coated balloon (DCB) to the injured side-branch after drug-eluting stent (DES) implement at the main-branch in the treatment ofelderly patients with coronary bifurcation lesion.

260 cases of elderly patients with coronary bifurcation lesions was studied in Cardio Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 had implantation of drug-eluting stents in the main branch according to the principle of necessity stenting. Branch application of drug-coated balloons were randomly divided into drug-eluting stents in combination with ordinary coating and drug-eluting stents in combination with drug-coated group, 130 cases in each group. Coronary angiography was performed at 12 months, and the incidence of MACE at different periods was recorded.

The surgical success rates of ordinary balloon group and drug balloon group were 85.8% and 91.2%(P>0.05), respectively, the MLD of lateral branch vessels in the ordinary balloon group increased from (1.22±0.14)mm to (1.53±0.13)mm, and the MLD of branch vessels in the drug balloon group increased from (1.25±0.12)mm to (1.69±0.22)mm. There was no significant difference in preoperative MLD between the two groups, and there was a significant difference in MLD in postoperative branch vessels (P<0.05). During hospitalization, there was no target vascular-related myocardial infarction in 0-3 months, 3-6 months, and 6-12 months after discharge. During hospitalization, 5 cases (3.8%) and 3(2.3%) of angina pectoris occurred in the general balloon group and the drug balloon group, respectively, all of which were in CCS grade I (P>0.05). In the follow-up of 0-3 months, the incidence of angina pectoris after CCS grading was compared between the two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of different CCS-graded angina between the two groups at 3-6 months and 6-12 months (P>0.05). In the 3-6 months follow-up, 3 cases of non-target vascular myocardial infarction occurred in the ordinary balloon group (P<0.05); During the 6-12 months follow-up period, 6 cases of target vascular revascularization (P<0.05) appeared in the ordinary balloon group. There was no clear difference in the incidence of MACE between the two groups at 12 months follow-up.

After the implantation of the main branch stent in the treatment of elderly bifurcation lesions, the use of DCB for repair of damaged limb vessels is more obvious than that of ordinary balloon MLD.