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Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (01): 20-27. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9450.2026.01.004

• Original Article • Previous Articles    

Free flap reconstruction for distal tibial wounds with exposed bone: an analysis of clinical outcomes and risk factors

Ying Zhang, Xiaozhuo Zhao, Lin Cheng, Yiwen Wang, Cheng Wang, Weili Du, Yuming Shen, Hui Chen()   

  1. Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-01-30
  • Contact: Hui Chen

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the clinical efficacy of free flap repair for distal tibial bone exposure and analyze the factors affecting flap survival and postoperative complications.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 78 patients with distal tibial bone exposure treated at the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from May 2019 to May 2024. The flap survival rate, complication rate, and functional recovery were statistically analyzed. Risk factors were analyzed using chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

The flap survival rate was 94.9% (74/78). Complications included vascular crisis in 6 cases (7.7%) (comprising 4 arterial and 3 venous crises, with 1 case involving both), infection in 2 (2.6%), hematoma in 3 (3.8%), wound dehiscence in 1 (1.3%), and donor site complications in 4 (5.1%). The good-to-excellent rate according to the Enneking score was 85.9% (67/78). Chronic infected wounds were identified as an independent risk factor for vascular crisis (OR=3.45, 95%CI: 1.12-10.67, P=0.031) and for wound infection or sinus tract formation at follow-up (OR=5.20, 95%CI: 1.80-15.10, P=0.002). Smoking and diabetes were not significantly associated with complications.

Conclusion

Chronic infected wounds are the main risk factor for postoperative complications. Preoperative strengthening of infection control can improve the surgical success rate.

Key words: Free flap, Exposed bone wound, Postoperative complications, Risk factors, Distal tibia

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