Hypertrophic scar is one of the widespread pathological scars, which results from tissues over-restoration and extracellular matrix disorderly deposition after deep burn injury. It often causes itching, pain, possible appearance damage and functional limitation, seriously affecting the quality of patients′ life. The current prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars include non-surgical methods and surgical treatment. Non-surgical techniques include noninvasive therapy, injection therapy, radition therapy, microneedle treatment, photoelectric acoustic therapy and fat transplantation. Non-surgical treatment is the main application technology in the early formation of hypertrophic scar, the combined application of several non-surgical treatment may be an effective way for treating hypertrophic scar, and surgical treatment is the ultimate safeguard of hypertrophic scar. The development directions of prevention and treatment in hypertrophic scar include the development of hypertrophic scar animal models and objective assessment methods, the development of burn wound depth and objective assessment of the seriousness of scar, the development of technical tissue engineering skin and stem cell therapy, as well as multi-center, random, controlled clinical trials. In short, A concept should be established that prevention-based, prevention combined with treatment in the wound healing stage for large area burn trauma patients, rather than treating hypertrophic scar after its formation.