目的

分析近10年发表的吸入性损伤相关文献，探讨吸入性损伤研究的现状与前沿。

方法

采用文献计量学法，分别检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库及Web of Science数据库核心合集中2015年1月1日至2024年7月5日发表的与吸入性损伤相关的中英文文献，采用CiteSpace 6.1.R6软件进行分析。分别统计中英文文献的发文量、发文作者、国家与机构，对关键词进行共现分析并在此基础上进行聚类分析和突现情况分析，将关键词按时间排序得到聚类时间线图，探讨吸入性损伤领域研究现状和热点的演变过程。

结果

在Web of Science数据库核心合集中检索出609篇英文文献；在中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库检索并查重后得到521篇中文文献。2015～2024年，吸入性损伤领域英文文献发文量呈稳步上升趋势，中文文献发文量呈下降趋向平缓趋势。中文文献中共 289位作者以第1作者发表吸入性损伤相关文章，发文量≥3篇的核心作者共有 32位；英文文献中共353位作者以第1作者发表吸入性损伤相关文章。共有56个国家进行吸入性损伤相关研究，美国是与其他国家合作最多、发文量最多的国家。共497家机构发表吸入性损伤相关文章，发表中文和英文文章数量最多的机构分别是南昌大学第一附属医院（25篇）和 University of Texas Medical Branch（37篇）。共纳入308个中文关键词、330个英文关键词进行共现分析，排除与检索词相关的关键词后，中文文献中护理、气管切开、危险因素等关键词出现频次和中心性较高，英文文献中生存率（mortality）、管理（management）、流行病学（epidemiology）等关键词出现频次和中心性较高。中文文献关键词分析得到 38个聚类，最大的聚类是危险因素，其次是护理、严重烧伤，近2年出现的突现节点为指标体系、耐药性等；英文文献关键词分析得到18个聚类，最大的聚类是 baux评分（baux score），其次是体外膜氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation）、急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury），近2年出现的突现节点为气管插管（intubation）、困难气道（difficult airway）等。中文文献中突现持续时间最长（2021～2024年）、突现强度最高的关键词是危险因素。英文文献中突现持续时间最长（2016～2019年）、突现强度最高的关键词是呼吸窘迫综合征（respiratory distress syndrome）。

结论

目前国内吸入性损伤的流行病学调查稀缺，未来诊断和评估吸入性损伤患者病情的指标体系可能会成为吸入性损伤的发展趋势，以帮助临床医生判断气管切开的时机，改善患者的预后。

Objective

To analyze recent 10 years literature on inhalation injury， and to explore the current situation and frontiers in this field.

Methods

Using bibliometric methods searched for Chinese and English literature related to inhalation injury published from January 1， 2015， to July 5， 2024， in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Database， VIP Database， and Web of Science Core Collection，and utilized CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software for analysis.The publication volume， authors， countries and institutions of both Chinese and English literature were statistically analyzed. Co-occurrence analysis of keywords was performed， followed by cluster analysis and burst detection. Keywords were sorted by time to obtain a cluster timeline， exploring the current research status and the evolution of hotspots in the field of inhalation injury.

Results

A total of 609 English articles were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection， and 521 Chinese articles were obtained after deduplication from CNKI， Wanfang Database， and VIP Database. From 2015 to 2024， the number of English publications in the field of inhalation injury showed a steady upward trend， while the number of Chinese publications showed a declining and then stabilizing trend. In the Chinese literature， 289 authors published articles on inhalation injury as the first author， with 32 core authors publishing three or more articles. In the English literature， 353 authors published articles as the first author. A total of 56 countries conducted research on inhalation injury， with the United States being the country with the most collaborations and publications. A total of 497 institutions published articles on inhalation injury， with the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University （25 articles） and the University of Texas Medical Branch （37 articles） being the institutions with the most publications in Chinese and English， respectively. A co-occurrence analysis of 308 Chinese keywords and 330 English keywords was conducted. After excluding keywords related to search terms， the Chinese literature frequently featured keywords such as nursing， tracheotomy， and risk factors， while the English literature frequently featured keywords such as mortality， management， and epidemiology. The Chinese keyword analysis identified 38 clusters， with the largest clusters being risk factors， followed by nursing and severe burns. Recent burst nodes included indicator system and drug resistance. The English keyword analysis identified 18 clusters， with the largest clusters being baux score， followed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and acute kidney injury. Recent burst nodes included intubation and difficult airway.In the Chinese literature， the keyword with the longest burst duration （2021-2024） and highest burst strength was risk factors. In the English literature， the keyword with the longest burst duration （2016-2019）and highest burst strength was acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Conclusion

Epidemiological studies on inhalation injury in China are scarce. In the future， the development of diagnostic and assessment criteria for evaluating the condition of patients with inhalation injury is expected to become a significant trend， which can aid clinicians in determining the optimal timing for tracheostomy and improve patient outcomes.