分析青海大学附属医院2021-2023年烧伤住院患者的流行病学特征，以期为青海地区烧伤的针对性预防和临床救治提供参考。

收集2021-2023年青海大学附属医院烧伤整形与创面修复中心收治的符合入选标准的1 012例烧伤住院患者病历资料，对患者年龄、性别、民族、致伤原因、烧伤程度、烧伤部位等数据进行统计，分析烧伤住院患者的流行病学特征。

1 012例烧伤住院患者中，男684例，女328例，男女比例为2.09∶1。热液烫伤为最常见致伤原因，占54.45%（551/1 012），火焰烧伤、电烧伤、化学烧伤和其他烧伤分别占23.22%（235/1 012）、10.77%（109/1 012）、5.83%（59/1 012）和5.73%（58/1 012）。以居住在农村的患者居多，占69.07%（699/1 012）。烧伤后采取有效处理的患者占22.63%（229/1 012），烧伤发生在家里占69.76%（706/1 012），烧伤程度以中度烧伤为主，占54.45%（551/1 012）。不同致伤原因患者烧伤严重程度不同，特重度烧伤患者以火焰烧伤为主，重度烧伤患者中热液烫伤占比较大。季节分布不明显，夏季入院患者相对较多，占28.75%。患者年龄6个月~84岁，婴幼儿组337例，致伤原因以热液烫伤为主，占91.99%（310/337）；学龄期组45例，以热液烫伤和火焰烧伤为主，分别占44.44%（20/45）和37.78%（17/45）；青少年组168例，以热液烫伤和火焰烧伤为主，均占33.33%（56/168）；中年组417例，以热液烫伤和火焰烧伤为主，分别占33.57%（140/417）和33.33%（139/417）；老年组45例，以热液烫伤和其他烧伤为主，分别占55.56%（25/45）和26.67%（12/45）。汉族患者占56.82%（575/1 012），少数民族患者占43.18%（437/1 012）。1 012例患者烧伤部位共2 170处，不同年龄组患者烧伤部位不同，婴幼儿多伤及四肢和躯干，学龄期儿童多伤及四肢和面部，青少年多伤及上肢和面部，中年人多伤及面部、颈部、四肢和躯干，老年人多伤及下肢。

青海地区烧伤主要致伤原因为热液烫伤，无明显季节性，以居住在农村的患者居多，少数民族患者占比较高。

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of burn inpatients in Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from 2021 to 2023， in order to provide reference for prevention and treatment of burns in Qinghai region.

The data of 1 012 burn inpatients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair， Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from 2021 to 2023 were collected. Data of the patients， such as age， gender， nation， cause of the injury， burn severity， and burn site were collected and analyzed to characterize the epidemiological profile of burn inpatients.

Among the 1 012 patients， there were 684 males and 328 females， with a ratio of 2.09∶1. The main cause of injury was hydrothermal scald （551 cases， 54.45%）， followed by flame burns （235 cases，23.22%）， electrical burns （109 cases，10.77%）， chemical burns （59 cases，5.83%）， and other burns （58 cases，5.73%）. The majority of patients were from rural areas （699 cases，69.07%）. Effective initial management was implemented in 229 cases （22.63%）， 69.76% of burns occurred at home. The severity of burns was mainly moderate （551 cases，54.45%）. Flame burns were the main cause of extremely severe burns， whereas hydrothermal scald accounted for a higher proportion of severe burns. The seasonal distribution was not obvious， with a relatively higher number of patients admitted in summer， accounting for 28.75%. The age range of patients was 6 months to 84 years. Among the 337 cases in the infant and toddler group， the primary cause of injury was hydrothermal scald， accounting for 91.99% （310/337）. In the school-age group of 45 cases， the main causes were hydrothermal scald and flame burns， accounting for 44.44% （20/45） and 37.78% （17/45）， respectively. The adolescent group of 168 cases was predominantly affected by hydrothermal scald and flame burns， making up 33.33% （56/168）. In the middle-aged group of 417 cases， hydrothermal scald and flame burns were also the leading causes， accounting for 33.57% （140/417） and 33.33% （139/417）， respectively. Among the 45 cases in the elderly group， hydrothermal scald and other burns were the primary causes， representing 55.56% （25/45） and 26.67% （12/45）， respectively. Han patients accounted for 56.82% (575/1 012), while ethnic minority patients accounted for 43.18% (437/1 012）. A total of 2 170 burn sites were recorded among 1 012 patients， with variations observed across different age groups. Infants and toddlers predominantly sustained burns on limbs or torso， school-aged children frequently experienced injuries to limbs or face， while adolescents commonly suffered burns on upper limbs or face. Middle-aged individuals were more likely to sustain burns on the face， neck， limbs， and torso， whereas elderly patients predominantly had burns on lower limbs.

The primary cause of burns in Qinghai region is hydrothermal scald， with no distinct seasonal pattern. Most affected patients reside in rural areas， and ethnic minority patients account for a relatively high proportion.